The article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of the Lactobacillus brevis 2k.Gv strain (morphological, cultural, biochemical, physiological and probiotic) in order to assess the biotechnological potential and create alternative forms of probiotics for highly productive fish farming. Under the conditions of an aquarium experiment, a positive effect of the strain on the physiological parameters of the rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss Walbaum was found. L. brevis 2k. Gv was orally administered to fish for 30 days at a concentration of 2×108 cells/mg feed as a supplement to the main diet. It was found that the studied strain has a multifactorial effect on the fish organism. Throughout the entire period of feeding juvenile trout with extruded feed enriched with lactobacilli, no signs of infectious and somatic diseases were recorded in the experimental group of trout; hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indices of organs, as well as hematological parameters of blood remained normal. The results obtained prove the presence of probiotic properties in the Lactobacillus brevis 2k. Gv strain and the possibility of its further use as part of feed additives for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for aquaculture objects.

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The objective of the present work was to study dynamics of the temperature of a corpse of an experimental animal (a pig) between the moment of death till complete skeletization, The porcine corpse weighing approximately 100 kg was placed in the bilberry spruce forest in the southern part of the Karelian Republic. Variations in the temperature of the corpse were measured with the use of the EClrerk-USB-2Pt logger (an autonomous register of temperature) along with those of the environmental (the air and the soil) temperature during 86 days in the period from June till September. It was shown that the temperature of the corpse first decreased but began to increase thereafter due to the enhancement of the biological activity of microorganisms. It is concluded that putrefactive decomposition of the corpse does not always suggest the necessity to discontinue the measurement of its temperature. The forensic medical examination of a corrupted corpse should take into consideration the possibility of an increase of its temperature in the course of time because it may be a source of a mistake when estimating prescription of death coming. The problem of postmortem rise in the temperature of a corpse undergoing putrefactive decomposition needs a thorough theoretical interpretation with a view to promoting the practical application of the proposed method with due regard for the difference in the environmental conditions in various climatographical regions of the Russian Federation.

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Aim. To provide a complex microbial-zoological characteristics of the postmortem period. Materials and methods: Microbiological studies: material for examination was isolated from three species of animals, including domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) weighing 50-100 kg, domestic chickens (burnt and unburnt) (Gallus gallus) weighing 1.5–2 kg and house mice (Mus musculus) weighing 80 g. In addition, human corpses, bone remains and over 1000 microorganism isolates were investigated. Entomological studies: material for examination was isolated from human corpses and their bone remains (17), pigs (10), chickens (32), representatives of the mammalian class (20), 79 objects in total. 32394 insects were investigated. Studies of injuries caused by certain vertebrates: 34 human corpses and their bone remains were examined. Results. Main trends in the microbial decomposition of dead bodies have been determined, which are of great practical significance for the diagnosis of the remoteness of death during the course of forensic medical examination. General characteristics of the process of corpse decomposition by necrophilous insects are given. The effect of the thermal factor (high temperature) on the microbiological and entomological features of corpse decomposition has been established. Anatomical, topographical and morphological features of injuries caused by some vertebrates have been determined. Conclusion. Our results prove the existence of a close relationship between the objects of forensic medical examination and the microbial processes that occur during the decomposition of corpses and under the action of insects and scavengers.