An influence of the adsorbed molecules layer on the optical characteristics of the spherical metallic nanoparticles has been studied in the work. In order to do this one considers the additional term which takes into account the scattering of electrons at the interface between metal and adsorbate. The analytical expressions for the frequency dependences for the parameter of coherence loss due to the scattering at the interface “metal – adsorbed layer” have been obtained. It has been found that the presence of the adsorbed molecules results in the electron scattering anisotropy, and, hence, in the anisotropy of the optic response of such systems. The result of the indicated anisotropy is the appearance of the additional maximum in the infrared part of the spectrum in the frequency dependences for the optical characteristics. An evolution of the frequency dependences for the components of the polarizability tensor and the absorption cross-section and scattering cross-section for the two-layer spherical nanoparticles of the type “metal – adsorbate” under the variation of their geometrical parameters has been analyzed. It has been shown that the weak maximum of the real, imaginary parts and the module of the transverse component of the polarizability tensor and the absorption and scattering cross-sections in the infrared part of the spectrum appears due to inducing of the local density of the states by adsorbate. The reason of the shift of the maxima of the absorption cross-section and scattering cross-section for the nanoparticles of the constant sizes with the cores of different metals has been found. It has been demonstrated the existence of the small-scale oscillations at the frequency dependences for the components of the polarizability tensor and at the absorption and scattering cross-sections, caused by an oscillating contribution of the surface electron scattering. The dependence of the location and the value of the maximum of the absorption cross-section for the particle “metal – adsorbate” with the constant geometrical parameters and content on the dielectric permittivity of the medium, in which the nanoparticle is situated, has been proved.
The optical properties of the nanocomposite with two-layer spherical inclusions “metallic core – surfactant layer” have been studied in the work. The question connected with an influence of the processes at the interface “metal – adsorbate” on the excitation of the surface plasmonic resonances in the nanoparticle has been studied. The fact of splitting of the surface plasmonic resonance due to the influence of the absorption bond near the surface of the metallic nanoparticles and due to the emergence of the additional energy states has been established. The relations for the effective parameters which describe the losses of coherence under the scattering at the chemical interface have been obtained. The calculations for the frequency dependencies of the diagonal components of the dielectric permittivity tensor of the two-layer nanoparticle and for the absorption coefficient of the nanocomposite have been performed. It has been shown that the frequency dependencies for the real and imaginary parts of the longitudinal component of the dielectric tensor are close to the similar dependencies for the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function for the spherical metallic nanoparticle. At the same time the real and imaginary parts of the transverse component weakly depend on the frequency in the visible spectrum and oscillate in the infrared range. It has been established that the absorption coefficient of the composite can have one or two maximums depending on the sizes and the material of the particles-inclusions.
В рамках моделю Друде для діелектричної функції та з урахуванням об'ємного та поверхневого механізмів релаксації одержано вирази для розмірних залежностей Гамакерова параметра та вільної енергії Ван-дер-Ваальсової взаємодії сферичних металевих наночастинок. Показано, що розбіжність в одержаних співвідношеннях не має жодних наслідків, оскільки значення параметрів, за яких має місце «ультрафіолетова катастрофа», відповідають ситуаціям, які не представляють практичного інтересу. Розрахунки Гамакерова параметра та вільної енергії проводилися для наночастинок золота, міді, платини й алюмінію різних радіюсів, розташованих на різних віддалях одна від одної, в області частот, що має практичний інтерес. Встановлено, що розмірні ефекти найбільш яскраво проявляються на відносно невеликих віддалях між металевими частинками, тоді як зі збільшенням віддалі між ними має місце істотне послаблення Ван-дер-Ваальсової взаємодії. Продемонстровано, що істотна відмінність у величині ефективної швидкости релаксації має наслідком той факт, що Гамакерів
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