No abstract

Yield of proso millet was usually low due to chaotic planting density in arid and semi-arid areas of China. To get high yield in proso millet, planting density and plant-type characteristics were explored. This study was carried out in the field to determine the effects of planting density (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90×10 4 plants ha -1 ) on plant-type characteristics and yield components. With an increment in planting density, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, grain density, total grain, plant height, panicle height, and stalk length increased. When planting density was increased 15×10 4 plants ha -1 at a time, rolling rate was increased by about 0.04, but leaf basic angle and dropping angle decreased by about 0.3° and 0.28°. Bender moment, anti-broken strength decreased with an increment in planting density, but anti-lodging index increased. Bender moment of three basic nodes decreased by about 1140, 1041, and 1024 cm g, and anti-broken strength of three basic nodes decreased by about 2240, 1664, and 907 g. The first node, the second node, and the third node increased lodging index by about 3.3, 3.5, and 4.8 cm g g -1 , respectively. Increase in planting density of proso millet could obtain the highest yield at 75×10 4 plants ha -1 , and plant-type characteristics of high-yielding population was good for yield development.

Analysis of the existing basic collections and identification of the core collections with clearly defined properties are important stages of the plant genetic banks activities. The NCPGRU pea collection has not been studied through this lens. The article presents results of the study of pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum) accessions as donors of valuable breeding traits for its multipurpose use in agriculture and processing industries. We examined 307 accessions representing the breeding material from the working pea collection of the Laboratory of Grain Legume Breeding of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev and the collection accessions of various eco-geographical origins of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU). Eleven donors were selected by one or more important agronomic traits in combination with valuable economic characteristics (yield, performance, protein content in seeds, disease resistance (Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight)). The cultivars Modus, Efektnyi (multi-flowering (fn fna), leafless (tendril) (af)), Tsarevych (seed shedding resistance (def), leafless (af)), and SL DTR 94-120 (multi-flowering (fn fna), luhansk type of determinancy (d)) were chosen as donors for the grain pea breeding. Orpella (anthocyanin pigmentation of the corolla (A)) and Rezonator (stem length (Le)) were used for the grain/fodder pea breeding; Kharkivskyi Yantarnyi and Banan (seed culinary qualities) – for the groats pea breeding; Stambovyi (parchmentless pods (pv), fascicle stems (fa fas) and Asgrow sead (wrinkled seeds (r), leafless (af), multi-flowering (fn fna)) – for the garden pea breeding; Violena (the rb gene carrier – amylose-free starch) – for the technical pea breeding. All the accessions proved their donor capacities. A qualitatively new input material for practical selection has been derived by means of hybridization with some cultivars (Kharkivskyi Yantarnyi, Banan, Tsarevych, Violena, Asgrow seed). Further study of the NCHRRU pea collection aimed at identification of valuable accessions and creation a core collection is essential.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop grown and consumed worldwide. Oil content in chickpea seeds ranges from 4 % to 7 % according to various data sources. Considering the interest of breeders in this issue, as well as for the purpose of inventory of the presented chickpea genetic material in the collection of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, these studies were carried out. Field experiments were carried out in 2016-2018 in the scientific crop rotation of the Plant Production Institute n.a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (Kharkiv, Ukraine). 43 samples (21 - kabuli type and 22 - desi type) of different ecological and geographical origin were studied. Oil content in chickpea seeds was determined using gravimetric method of S. V. Rushkovsky (Yermakov, 1987) in the laboratory for genetics, biotechnology and quality of the Plant Production Institute n.a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS. On average, over the years of study, in the kabuli type accessions, the oil content level in the seeds made 7.08 %; for accessions - 6.05 %. The range of variability of this trait for the kabuli chickpea ranged from 5.22 % to 8.69 %, and for desi - from 4.40 % to 7.26 %. A low variability of the studied trait was noted for both the kabuli (V = 6.88-15.04 %) and for desi (V = 8.98-14.15%) chickpea cultivars. The advantage in terms of oil content in seeds, regardless of the growing conditions, was retained for the kabuli type. The accessions with the maximum level of the “oil content in seeds” trait manifestation were selected as “reference” for each type: for kabuli - variety Pamyat (Ukraine) - 7.95 %, for desi - Yarina (Ukraine) - 7.13 %. The best oil-bearing chickpea samples can be used in specialized programs to create new genotypes with a higher oil content in seeds.