This research presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the technological basics of a new material characterised by its high compressive strength and its resistance to acids. One hundred and thirteen cylindrical 45 x 30 mm samples with height to diameter ratio of 1.5 were prepared by mixing suitable ratios of quartz sand and phosphoric acid, burned in a furnace to temperatures between 800-1400° C for 2 hours. On the basis of test results gathered from this study, a new silica-phosphate material is suggested.

In this work, a novel vegetable oil-based polymeric agents were prepared by epoxidation of rapeseed oil (RO) and castor oil (CO) followed by ring opening reaction of epoxidized products, (epoxidized rapeseed oil and epoxidized castor oil) (ERO) and (ECO) with polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights (400, 600 and 10000 g/mole). The prepared polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, FTIR and GPC for determination of molecular weight. The properties of epoxidized vegetable oil (EVO) and Polymeric vegetable oils (polymeric dispersant of rapseed (PDR) and (polymeric dispersant of castor (PDC) were studied. The prepared polymers were employed as emulsifiers for metal working cutting fluids (MWCF) application.

Polyurethanes are special nonionic polymers which had a wide range of applications nowadays. This work aims to produce different nonionic polyurethanes by the reaction of polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights (4000, 6000, 10.000, and 20.000 g/mole) and toluene diisocyanate. The obtained polyurethanes' structures were determined using molecular weight measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). The effect of the synthesized polyurethanes on the rheological properties of two drilling fluids was studied. The polyurethane polymers were influenced by the filtrate loss of the drilling fluids in comparison to the blank. The results showed that the synthesized polyurethane nonionic derivatives effectively enhanced the shear-thinning non-newtonian drilling fluids following the modified power Law Model (Herschel Bulky Model). The other rheological properties of the formulated drilling water-base muds, including apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength were improved considerably compared to the commercial formulation.