Childcare has been identified as an integral aspect of integrated maternal and child health services and is aimed at child health promotion for childhood psychosocial and physical development. This study assessed the dynamics of child health services in Nigeria. This was in relation to Nigeria's poor child health indices with the view to encouraging standard practices neglected over the years. It targets preventive health services to stem diseases and disability among children while promoting early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. These services encompass the provision of childhood immunization, probing for and identification of handicapped children for early rehabilitation, child health education, and nutrition, promotion of environmental sanitation, and monitoring of developmental milestone through proper feeding. Other child health services include sickle cell prevention services, education of caregivers on the importance and use of oral rehydration therapy, and use of antimalarial treatment, and rehabilitation of already affected children. This is invaluable, especially in regions with developing countries where more than 50% of children die before their fifth birthday.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, and usually affects the lungs and other parts of the body. Patients with HIV infection are particularly more susceptible to wider varieties of mycobacterium strains. This study discussed integrated strategies of tuberculosis prevention and control for improved population health. The study discussed relevant documents and literatures written in English Language from reorganized websites. Key words were used individually and in series with truncations where necessary. Government can aid the control of tuberculosis by providing good shelter, improved mass literacy programmes on the predisposing factors and prevention. The need to improve the standard of living, reduction of hunger and starvation is essential. The incidence worldwide stood at the rate of 10-20/100,000 per year with low mortality; deaths occurring mainly in the elderly and occasionally in undiagnosed cases. About 10% of all HIV-positive individuals harbor TB. That is 400 times the rate associated with the public. Only 3-4% of infected individuals develop the active disease upon initial infection, 5-10% within one year. In cases of HIV infection the percentages are much higher because HIV infection tends to fuel the reactivation of existing TB infection as well as promote new infections. Integrated strategies will reduce the prevalence of TB especially among the HIV positive patients that are more vulnerable. Promotion of rational drug use, scaling up disease surveillance, monitoring and evaluation, and improving access to diagnostic centers are essential for improved prevention and control. Government policies targeted towards overcrowding prevention, and increased funding for TB research and development will boost and sustain already existing efforts. These processes in a continuum will boost sustainability.

Background:The childhood age group is a special population that needs critical and special care. The increase in death tolls in children globally, owing majorly to preventable and treatable causes and diseases are a burden and require urgent and immediate attention and action to ensure sustainable progress towards achieving child survival goals. This study assessed mortality pattern of under-12 and discussed the associated factors. Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study of 4 years which spanned from January 2014 to December 2017 was carried out on the records of dead children who were 12 years and below using the death register at the health care facility. The data were summarized with descriptive and inferential statistics.