Chronic liver disease has a significant impact on the survival of renal transplant recipients with an incidence rate of 4-38%. Approximately, 8-28% of renal transplant recipients die due to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis C seems to be the leading cause of chronic liver disease in kidney recipients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a wide range of prevalence (2.6-66%) among renal transplant recipients living in different countries with great genotype diversity in different parts of the world. Nowadays, antiviral drugs are used for the management of hepatitis C. Because of graft-threatening effects of some antiviral drugs used in HCV-infected renal transplant recipients, we specifically focused on HCV treatment after renal transplantation. Treatment of post-renal transplantation chronic liver disease with INF and ribavirin remains controversial. Anecdotal reports on post-renal transplantation hepatitis C demonstrate encouraging findings. This review summarises the most current information on diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, complications as well as the new aspects of treatment in HCV-infected renal transplant recipients. HCV belongs to the family of Flaviviridae, genus Hepacivirus.

Results: Among them, 52 patients (15.5%) with gastroenteritis and convulsion were studied: 54% were male, 46% were female, 42% cases occurred in spring, 29% in autumn, 27% in summer, but in winter this percentage reduced to only 2%. 96% of patients had fever, 94% had watery diarrhea, 6% had dysentery, 35% cases had stool exam with many WBC and RBC and stool culture positive for shigellosis, 75% cases were under 3 years, pattern of seizure was generalized tonic-clonic in 98% patients with gastroenteritis, two or more seizure occurred in 11.5%, 88.5% cases had one episode seizure, 86% had gastroenteritis with seizure before admission, 4% had seizure after admission, 10% had seizure before and after admission, 88.5% had convulsion after gastroenteritis, but 11.5% cases before it.Conclusion: according to this study, type of convulsion in children less than 3 years with gastroenteritis and even shigella -related seizure is one episode of generalized tonicclonic. It usually occurs during first day after beginning gastroenteritis. Similar to the simple febrile seizure, convulsion with gastroenteritis is benign and has an excellent outcome.

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