This guide is intended to make a contribution to the larger efforts worldwide at improving forest management, human well-being, and the sustainability of natural resources. In order for it to do so, three important points should be noted by anyone intending to use the Guide: 1) As with any such tool, everything in this guide needs to be considered in, and adapted to, the local context in which it is to be used. We consider it not a 'blueprint', but a 'springboard' to appropriate action… 2) Successful implementation of the approach suggested in this guide relies on adequate understanding of, commitment to, and skills in participatory approaches and processes. This does not mean that only "professional participation practitioners" should use it. It means rather that if there is a lack of any or all of these, this gap should be addressed prior to and during the C&I processes (for example, through the readings or contacts suggested in the reference section). Furthermore, in relation to point 1 above, as the approach to CMF C&I and processes for monitoring are adapted for use locally, it is extremely important that these adaptations build in and maximize opportunities for shared learning and ownership of the processes. For example, while the guide may offer some ideas for 'structuring CMF C&I', it does not go in depth into the kinds of participatory tools that can be best used in different groups to do this. We look to the implementers of the guide to bring in the participatory tools and adaptations that will be needed in each context. We anticipate that across all contexts, this will include such adaptations as: • Locally appropriate games to introduce ideas • Shifting from written word to pictorial representations or other activities as literacy levels dictate • Developing strategies to overcome barriers to participation (such as gender, caste, etc) 3) This is a work in progress! CIFOR and collaborators are continuing work in this area, and we would welcome input and feedback on this guide. This manual is the product of the cumulative efforts and insights of many people over a period of years. We would especially like to express our gratitude to the member of the communities of Akak/Bitetele and Eyek II (Central province, Cameroon), Cachoeira do Maró and São Pedro (Pará, Brazil) and Bedigong and Darok (West Kalimantan, Indonesia) who participated in the CIFOR CMF C&I field tests, and without whose generous participation and wisdom this publication would have been impossible. We also thank and applaud the work of the interdisciplinary team members, facilitators, and supporters involved in that research-too numerous to mention specifically, but all of their efforts are valued and valuable. We can at least thank and name the lead collaborating institutions here: the GTZ-Indonesian Ministry of Forestry funded Social Forestry Development Project (SFDP) (Sanggau, Kalimantan); FERDA (Bogor, Indonesia); ONADEF (Cameroon); WWF-Cameroon; the Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Santarem (STR-Santarem), and Projecto Saude e A...

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CIFORO CIFOR foi estabelecido em 1993 como parte integrante do Grupo Consultivo de Pesquisa Agrícola Internacional (CGIAR, do inglês Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) em resposta às preocupações globais com as conseqüências sociais, ambientais e econômicas da perda e degradação de florestas. A pesquisa do CIFOR produz o conhecimento e os métodos necessários para se melhorar o bem-estar de povos que dependem da floresta e para ajudar países tropicais a manejar suas florestas sabiamente, a fim de que possam usufruir seus benefícios de forma duradoura. A pesquisa é feita em mais de vinte países, em cooperação com um grande número de parceiros. Desde a sua fundação, o CIFOR desempenhou um papel central em influir as políticas florestais globais e nacionais. CGIARO Grupo Consultivo de Pesquisa Agrícola Internacional (CGIAR), estabelecido em 1971, é uma associação informal de quase 60 doadores do setor público e privado que apóia uma rede de 16 centros internacionais de pesquisa agrícola. A missão do CGIAR é contribuir para a segurança alimentar e a erradicação da pobreza nos países em desenvolvimento através de pesquisa, parcerias, capacitação e apoio a políticas públicas. O CGIAR promove o desenvolvimento sustentável agrícola baseado no manejo ecologicamente viável dos recursos naturais.

The National Policy of Protection and Civil Defense, established by Law 12,608 of 2012, divides the actions related to disaster management into the categories of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery actions and incorporates the planning of urban expansion as a prevention tool of natural disaster. Given the low expertise of Brazilian governments and institutions in integrating urban planning and risk management, the Ministry of Cities in partnership with other Ministries, and the Japanese Government represented by JICA, built the "Project for Strengthening National Strategy of Integrated Natural Disaster Risk Management-GIDES." The main goal of the Ministry of Cities in the GIDES Project is the development of urban planning methodologies applied to sediment disasters prevention. The final product of the GIDES Project is the consolidation of manuals of the themes developed in the project. These manuals will serve as guides, with specific guidelines for risk management policies and actions, and will be available by the Ministries involved in the project. Each manual is associated with the disaster cycle as expressed in Table 1. This paper presents the methodology that is being developed for the Urban Expansion Planning Manual. 2. URBAN POLICY IN BRAZIL 2.1 The urbanization process Brazil is one of the countries that most quickly performed the transition of its population (Fig. 1), from rural majority to urban majority. The only countries that had similar processes were Japan and Venezuela. However, only Japan has similarities in terms of absolute population migration from the countryside to the urban areas. As can be seen in Fig. 1, in 1920 less than a fifth of the Brazilian population lived in urban areas. In 1960, more than two thirds of Brazilians were living in cities and towns, and in 2010, the urban population exceeded 80%. The Brazilian urbanization process was also concentrated in the territory (as shown in Fig. 2), fact