ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui terjadinya efisiensi biaya melalui metode lot for lot dalam mengendalikan persediaan pada PT. INKA (Persero) Madiun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dan untuk menguji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini, digunakan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian: menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan sudah menerapkan pengendalian persediaan dengan baik, dapat dilihat dari jumlah bahan baku produksi yang terpenuhi. Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan guna meningkatkan pengendalian persediaan yaitu: jenis bahan baku dalam memproduksi Kereta Ekonomi (K3) AC terdiri dari 326.801,75 komponen bahan baku utama, harus dipisahkan sehingga memudahkan perhitungan kebutuhan proyek pada periode berikutnya. Perhitungan metode moving average yang diterapkan PT. INKA (Persero) Madiun saat ini masih mengeluarkan biaya penyimpanan yang besar sehingga terjadi pemborosan biaya pada perusahaan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan penggunaan metode lot for lot lebih efisien karena jumlah pesanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang akan diproduksi. ASSETS

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The survey analyzed rural youths participation in family farming in Benue State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire/interview schedule were 6sed in collecting data for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, factor analysis and binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that about 75.00% of the respondents were males, single (63.70%), had formal education (98.90%), having farming as a major occupation (92.40%). Major roles performed by the respondents in family farming include site selection (M = 2.70), harvesting of crops (M = 2.61), applying fertilizer to crops (M = 2.55), clearing of farm land (M = 2.54), soil tillage (M = 2.51), among others. These were further classified as land preparation, management and technical roles. The study recommends that rural youths should be encouraged to remain in agriculture by ensuring that they are provided with improved technologies for greater productivity. Basic amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water, good roads, etc should be made available in rural areas where they reside to prevent ruralurban youth migration and sustain agriculture.

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The study was carried out to determine devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 145 respondents used for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using mean score. Findings indicated that the major causes of flood disaster were poor level of public awareness campaign on flood hazard (x –=2.00), increased impermeability due to urbanization (x –=2.00), overflowing dams (x –=2.00), building on water ways and drainage channels (x –=2.00), flood plain being occupied by human settlement and economic activities (x –=1.41), blockage of flood path with sediment deposit (x –=1.31) and increase in rainfall (x –=1.30). Rendering of rural dwellers homeless (x –=2.47), fills homes with dirty water and refuse (x –=2.43), blockage of road networks (x –=2.42), disruption of economic activities (x –=2.40), destruction of farmlands (x –=2.40), increase in household food insecurity (x –=2.35), destruction of crops and livestock (x –=2.30), damages stored farm produce (x –=2.24) and loss of lives and property (x –=2.12) were effects of flood disaster on rural households. Based on the findings of the study, there arises the need for government at all levels and non-governmental organizations to intensify efforts in creation of awareness for people living in flood prone areas to relocate to a safer place in order to avoid loss of life and disruption of economic activities.