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There are insufficient data concerning health risk behaviours of university students in the Middle East, particularly Lebanon. Our objective was to identify health risk factors among university students in Lebanon, focusing on preventable behaviours. A crosssectional study was carried out, using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students in public and private universities. A standardised questionnaire was distributed across university campuses. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics, toxic substances consumption (including tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), nutrition and sedentarity behaviours, in addition to sexual behaviours, were collected. Among 3384 participants, 20% were current cigarette smokers, while 23% were current waterpipe smokers and 33.5% declared consuming alcohol. Higher rates were found for smoking and alcohol consumption in private versus public universities ( p , 0.001). Participants also reported a very low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Moreover, 31% of boys and 8.6% of girls declared having regular sexual activity; among them, 41% of boys and 26% of girls declared using a condom regularly. Substantial proportions of university students in Lebanon adopt risky behaviours for health, particularly in private universities. Health-promotion activities should be established to decrease the occurrence of these behaviours and prevent their future adverse health outcomes.

The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of a positive screen for eating disorders (EDs) in a sample of Syrian refugees living in North Lebanon. The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 450 (84.67% women and 15.33% men) refugees, aged between 18 and 45 years. The prevalence of a positive screen for ED was 5.79%. Bivariate analyses revealed that female gender (p = 0.02), presence of medical conditions (p = 0.01), old occurrence of major stressful life event (p < 0.01), and positive primary care post‐traumatic stress disorder screen (p < 0.01) were associated with the positive sick, control, one stone, fat, food tool. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that subjects screened with post‐traumatic stress disorder had a three times higher risk of having a positive screen for ED (odds ratio = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.78]). Early detection of ED and related factors may help identify refugees who would benefit from interventions to improve mental health.

Background and Aim: The misuse and abuse of antibiotics by human and in animal production are leading to serious threats to global health. This study aimed to assess the dietary exposure of Lebanese consumers to antibiotic residues from the consumption of meat and compare it to that from medication intake. Materials and Methods: Beef samples (n=61) were collected and analyzed for penicillin residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography. A cross-sectional study recruited 500 participants living in Mount Lebanon, using an interviewer-based questionnaire. The dietary exposure assessment was calculated following the tiered assessment approach. Results: The results showed that only 44% of the participants reported using antibiotic on doctor's prescription. Participants with good antibiotic knowledge (6-7/7) are significantly less likely to change antibiotic during treatment and would better use them as compared to those with lower knowledge (p=0.000). Those with lower education and monthly household income are more likely to improperly use antibiotics as compared to those with higher education and income. Penicillin -containing antibiotics were among the most used medications. On the other hand, the prevalence of penicillin residues in the meat samples was 21.3%, though none was above the maximum residue level. The dietary exposure to penicillin through meat consumption was equivalent to 88.3%, 31.9%, and 5.7% of the acceptable daily intake, using Tier 1, 2, and 3 approaches, respectively. Males, single, obese participants, and those with household income below 999,000 Lebanese pound were significantly more exposed to penicillin as compared to other participants due to their high meat consumption. Conclusion: These findings will provide insight into designing future targeted awareness interventions and adapted policies as efforts toward improving rational use and intake of antibiotics for preventing the development of antibiotic resistance.

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