Aim: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis in the patients of diabetes. Study design: Cross-Sectional Place and duration of study: Department of Pulmonology, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore from 1st March 2020 to 31st August 2020. Methodology: Two hundred patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking proper consent. Patients admitted in outpatient department with diabetic duration greater than 5years. The different variants of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis were measured. Results: There were 120(60%) males and 80(40%) were females with mean age was 51.8±18.22 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 11.5±9.19 years. 60% patients were addicted to gutka and smoking. Active tuberculosis was only found in 30(15%) cases. Pulmonary tuberculosis were 17(56.7%) and the rest 13(43.3%) were extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Eighteen (60%) patients had smear positive and 12(40%) had smear -ve TB. Conclusion: The frequency of tuberculosis in the diabetic patients was high as compared to other population. It can be cure by early diagnosed of disease otherwise multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can become serious health problem among public. Key words: Prevalence, Tuberculosis, Diabetic patient, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Aim: To determine frequency of undiagnosed hypoxia in pts which was medically sick admitted in chest wards. Study design: Cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety patients were included in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex, and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent and admitted in chest wards. Presented patients were aged between 20-70 years. Pulse oximeter was used to measure the oxygen saturation levels. Mean time of hospitalization was also measured. Results: There were 170(60%) males and 120(40%) females with mean age of the patients were 40.78±18.64 years. Mean BMI was 27.78±12.64 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 160(55.17%) were from the age group 35-70 years. Calculated oxygen saturation rate was 91.98±9.42% in which minimum rate was 80% and the maximum rate was 105%. Mean heart rate was 92.96±19.20 per minute. Patients were admitted due to tuberculosis were 102(35.17%), patients with chronic pulmonary disease were 70 (24.17%), patients with pleural effusion were 30(10.34%) and the patients of asthma were 20(6.9%). In this study hypoxia was observed in 44 (15.17%) patients and was absent in 246 (84.83%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of hypoxia was most prevalent in male patients with increasing age as compared to females and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, it was observed more commonly. Keywords: Pulse oximeter, Oxygen saturation, Undiagnosed hypoxia