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The author proposes a set of diallel selective mating procedures to serve as a supplement to conventional breeding systems for autogamous crops. The system uses multiple parent input into a central gene pool (population) which, through selective mating of individuals is advanced through successive generations. Mass and recurrent selection procedures are employed throughout on both the plant and seed portions of each plant generation. The system is designed to shift the attention of breeders from the present operating concept of employing germplasm sources discretely and sequentially in the formation of numerous populations. In contrast, the diallel and selective mating aspects of the new system force the simultaneous insertion of multiple genotypes into a few central populations.The diallel selective mating system involves a planning phase and an implementation phase. The latter has four stages: a basic parent series of crosses (1) which set up the F1. diallel series of crosses (2) which when composited form P2; spaced P2 and subsequent P3, etc. provide the populations within which selective mating (3) is practiced on mass and recurrent selection principles. The final stage (4) is standard line selection from the various F5 composite populations.Implementation of the concept of the broad working gene pool leads to a continuing state of open options and provides the opportunity and time for alternative solutions to difficult breeding problems. Specifically, the proposed arrangements provide for broad use of germplasm, simultaneous input of parents, creation of persistent gene pools, breaking of linkage blocks, freeing of genetic variability, and general fostering of genetic recombination.

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Responses to two cycles of mass selection under two mating systems were compared in the F2 and F3 generations of one cross each of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The number of green tillers prior to head emergence was used as the critical character. Additional characters, time from sowing to flowering and fertility number at maturity, were measured also in the evaluation of selection response for green tillers. The mean response for increased tillring, evaluated at two sites against unselected control generations, was higher in the wheat at 10.3%cycle than in the barley at 6.3%/cycle. Broad sense hentability estimates for tillering were between 10 and 25% for each cross.In both species the selection responses were greater in the hybrid than in the selfed selection series. The hybrid series was obtained by random mating among the selections in each cycle. The respective responses in barley realized over two selection cycles, were 17.1% with outbreeding and 8.7% with inbreeding at site 1, and 13.9% with outbreeding and 10.3% with inbreeding at site 2. In wheat at site 1, the responses were 22.6% with outbreeding and 18.5% with inbreeding. (Site 2 of the wheat had poor establishment.) Since the same F2 selection generated the hybrid and selfed series, the differences in response were attributed to the second cycle only. Asso. ciated selection responses for time to flowering and tiller number at maturity were detected only in the wheat.The results showed that mass selection with concurrent random mating could be a useful breeding stratcgy in self‐pollinated crops.