ABSTRACT. Lepidopterans visiting the flowers of Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Atlantic Forest remnants, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The composition and seasonality of the lepidopteran community visiting inflorescences of S. cayennensis at Estação Ambiental de Peti, were analyzed. The visits of 445 lepidopterans belonging to 98 species, distributed in 6 families, were registered. Hesperiidae (81,8%), Pieridae (10,8%), Lycaenidae (3,6%), Nymphalidae (2,2%), Papilionidae (1,3%), and Sesiidae (0,3%). Skippers presented the highest species richness, with 70 species. Only four of these had a relative abundance above 5% (Pyrgus orcus (Stoll, 1780), Pompeius pompeius (Latreille, [1824]), Urbanus dorantes dorantes (Stoll, 1790) and Corticea corticea (Plötz, 1882)). According to Palma classification, two species were common, 12 intermediary and 84 were considered rare. Diversity and evenness value were high (H'= 3.98 and E = 0.87). There was a sharp difference in the composition and abundance of the species throughout the year, attributed mainly to a higher richness and abundance during the rainy season. Accordingly, the similarity between rainy and dry season was relatively low, with 18 common species, 25 present only in the dry season and 93 during the wet season. The period of highest foraging activity corresponded to temperatures between 23 and 32ºC and the highest abundance were registered about 10:00h.KEYWORDS. Diversity; seasonality; Stachytarpheta cayennensis. RESUMO. Lepidópteros visitantes florais deStachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl (Verbenaceae) em remanescente de Mata Atlântica, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisadas a composição e sazonalidade da comunidade de lepidópteros visitantes florais de S. cayennensis na Estação Ambiental de Peti. Registrou-se a visita de 445 lepidópteros pertencentes a 98 espécies, distribuídos em 6 famílias: Hesperiidae (81,8%), Pieridae (10,8%), Lycaenidae (3,6%), Nymphalidae (2,2%), Papilionidae (1,3%) e Sesiidae (0,3%). Os hesperídeos também apresentaram a maior riqueza, com 70 espécies amostradas. Das espécies amostradas, apenas quatro tiveram abundância relativa acima de 5% (Pyrgus orcus (Stoll, 1780), Pompeius pompeius (Latreille, [1824]), Urbanus dorantes dorantes (Stoll, 1790) e Corticea corticea (Plötz, 1882)). De acordo com a classificação de Palma, duas espécies foram comuns, 12 intermediárias e 84 foram consideradas raras. Os valores de diversidade e uniformidade foram altos (H'= 3,98 e E = 0,87). Existe nítida diferença na composição e abundância das espécies ao longo do ano, onde foi observado que a maior riqueza de espécies e número de indivíduos estiveram concentrados na estação chuvosa. A similaridade entre as duas estações foi relativamente baixa, 25 ocorreram na estação seca, 93 na chuvosa e apenas 18 ocorreram nas duas estações. Os lepidópteros apresentaram maior atividade de forrageamento em temperaturas entre 23 e 32 ºC, sendo a maior abundância registradas por volta das 10:00 horas.
). Success in establishing and colonizing new areas is directly related to germination behaviour of seeds under local environmental conditions. Th is work aimed to compare germination performance of the exotic invader Leucaena leucocephala to two legumes (Caesalpinia ferrea, native, and C. pulcherrima, exotic) which are not considered invasive. Non-scarifi ed seeds were exposed to constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC, within a photoperiod of 12 hours, for 100 days. Both fi nal germination percentage and germination speed showed signifi cant diff erences among the three species. C. ferrea had low germination percentage, with optimal germination temperature at 25ºC, reaching germination percentage of 59% and germination speed of 0.68 seeds d -1. In contrast, C. pulcherrima had high germination percentages at all temperatures tested, with highest germinability from 20 to 40ºC. Seeds of L. leucocephala had the lowest germination percentage and optimal germination temperature was 35ºC. Th e germination performance of this exotic is not outstanding, and factors such as propagule pressure, natural scarifi cation and good performance in other life stages must contribute to its invasiveness.
Consultor especialista em licenciamento ambiental. 1 Coordenadas da barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica correspondente Tabela. Parâmetros ambientais exigidos nas licenças dos parques aquícolas continentais (reservatórios). Parâmetros AmbientaisMaterial em suspensão 1,2 Transparência 2 Temperatura 1,2 Salinidade (igual ou inferior a 0,5 ‰) 1,2 Oxigênio Dissolvido -OD (não inferior a 5 mg L -1 O 2 ) 1,2 Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio -DBO (até 5 mg L O 2 ) 1,2 pH (6,0 a 9,0) 1,2 Amônia (Nitrogênio amoniacal total) 1,2 Nitrito (1,0 mg L N) 1,2 Nitrato (10,0 mg L N) 1,2 Fosfato 1,2 Ortofosfato (mg L) ³ Silicato 2 Clorofila "a" (até 30 μg L) 1,2 Feofitina (μg L) ³ Coliformes termotolerantes 1,2 Sólidos em suspensão ¹ Sólidos sedimentáveis ³ Fitplâncton ² Cianobactérias² Zooplâncton² Zoobentos³ Fósforo Total ¹ Óleos e graxas¹: óleos minerais até 20 mg L; óleos vegetais; e gorduras animais até 50 mg L Programa de Monitoramento da Ictiofauna -PMI ³ Análise do sedimento (Fósforo, carbono e zoobentos) ³ ¹Limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA Nº 357/2005 ²Parâmetros Resolução CONAMA Nº 413/2009 ³Parâmetros específicos de Órgãos Estaduais de Meio Ambiente
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