Aim:β‐Glucuronidase activity is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with bacterial meningitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the β‐glucuronidase activity in the cell‐free CSF of bacterial meningitis and its course during treatment, and compare it with other CSF parameters. Methods: The β‐glucuronidase activity, cell number, protein concentration and CSF/blood glucose ratio were measured in 43 consecutive infants and children with bacterial meningitis, and 97 control subjects. Patients had one or two follow‐up lumbar punctures. Results: The β‐glucuronidase activity was increased early in bacterial meningitis, even when the other CSF parameters were undisturbed. Before treatment, the median activity in affected children was 136umoles 4‐methylumbelliferone l‐1 h‐1 (range 44–826) and in controls 14 (7–23). In all patients who improved, the activity was lower in the follow‐up CSF samples. Six to 12 h after starting treatment, the median activity was already reduced by 59%. The other CSF parameters showed a variability during the first 24 h of treatment independently of the course of the disease. Multiple comparisons of the CSF parameters in 17 patients who had two follow‐up punctures showed that the β‐glucuronidase activity was the best prognostic index. Conclusion: β‐Glucuronidase activity in the CSF is a reliable indicator of bacterial meningitis, which can identify the response to treatment early in the course of illness. The enzyme activity is increased early in the disease, even when the other laboratory parameters from the CSF remain normal.

The increased lysosomal enzyme activity in gynecologic cancers, without overlapping between patients and normal subjects or benign ovarian cyst fluid, indicates that such measurements might be applied for diagnostic purposes.

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