Two new species of Diaphorocleidus and one new species of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. are described from the gills of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) from rivers of north-eastern Pará, Brazil. Diaphorocleidus jaymedeloyolai n. sp. is characterized by a male copulatory organ (MCO) possessing three counterclockwise coils; similar anchors with subtriangular superficial roots; a ventral bar with posteromedial projection; and hooks of pairs 1, 4 and 7 approximately three times longer than hook pair 5. Diaphorocleidus sclerocolpus n. sp. differs from its congeners by a dual-branched accessory piece articulated with the MCO and a sclerotized tubular vagina with a bottle-shaped vestibule. Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is proposed and is characterized by possessing: MCO sclerotized with clockwise coils; an accessory piece articulated to the base of MCO; a sinistroventral vaginal aperture; ventral anchor with conspicuous roots; dorsal anchor with superficial root five times longer than deep root; and absence of dorsal bar. The proposal of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is also supported by its phylogenetic relationship with Protorhinoxenus prochilodi and species of Rhinoxenus, using 16 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: Rhinoxenoides n. gen. [Protorhinoxenus (Rhinoxenus curimatae (R. nyttus (R. bulbovaginatus (R. guianensis, R. piranhus, R. euryxenus (R. arietinus, R. anaclaudiae)))))].
One new species of Rhinoxenus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988 from the nasal cavities and four new species of Mymarothecioides n. gen. from the gills are described in Hydrolycus armatus (Jardine & Schomburgk). They were collected in the Xingu River, Pará, Brazil. Rhinoxenus cachorra n. sp. is characterized by having a ventral anchor with inconspicuous roots, and point with fish-hook-like termination; copulatory complex comprising a spiraled male copulatory organ (MCO) with two counterclockwise coils, and an accessory piece with an expanded, bifurcated distal portion. Mymarothecioides n. gen. is proposed and characterized for species without eyes, with or without accessory chromatic granules; copulatory complex comprising articulated MCO, accessory piece; MCO a broad arcuate tube; an accessory piece with a hooked termination in the distal portion; a dextro or midventral non-sclerotized vagina; an anteromedial projection on the ventral bar. Mymarothecium whittingtoni Kritsky, Boeger & Jégu, 1996 is transferred to Mymarothecioides n. gen. as Mymarothecioides whittingtoni (Kritsky, Boeger & Jégu, 1996) n. comb.
RESUMOContínuos casos humanos e caninos de LV e LTA detectados em Pirenópolis (Goiás), cidade turística com intenso fluxo de pessoas por suas atrações ecológicas, religiosas e históricas, chamaram a atenção para a investigação e reunião de dados neste local. Entre os anos de 2005 a 2010, foram instaladas armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC (em ambiente intra e peridomiciliar) para investigar a presença e identificar as espécies de flebotomíneos existentes nos locais onde casos de LV e LTA foram detectados. De um total de 551 armadilhas instaladas, 205 (37,2%) não capturaram flebotomíneos. Nas demais, capturou-se 5.648 espécimes, distribuídos em 20 diferentes espécies: (0,01%). O encontro destes flebotomíneos, machos e fêmeas, indicam que há reprodução das espécies no local. A ocorrência dos vetores da LV (L. longipalpis) e de LTA (L. whitmani) indicam risco de transmissão da doença a humanos e cães (reservatório da LV) no município. Desta forma, faz-se necessária uma especial atenção do serviço de vigilância epidemiológica no local para adotar as medidas de controle e prevenção adequadas, assim como a orientação da população e articulação com outros órgãos públicos e privados parar viabilizar ações educativas e de manejo ambiental.
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