Business activity has contributed to biodiversity loss. The Circular Economy (CE) system is recommended as a way of recovery and to improve global resilience.Combining accounting and ecology, we examine the intersectionality between biodiversity and CE. Therefore, the research aims to investigate the companies' reporting practices on both CE system implemented, and the corrective actions taken to repair biodiversity. To achieve the research aim, we developed a new disclosure index that includes both biodiversity and CE measures. Data is collected from 28 companies operating in three different industries sectors (aerospace and defense, motor vehicle and parts, and transportation) for 4 years (2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018). Our results show, in general, the overall scoring of disclosures is low, with companies providing minimal and vague information and many companies scored ZERO in all of our disclosure items showing that companies have a lack of knowledge on the biodiversity and CE concept. However, there is an increase in the level of disclosures on both biodiversity and CE between 2012, 2014, and 2016 and there is a small decrease for the 2018. Furthermore, the Motor industry is providing more disclosure on both biodiversity and CE, followed by Aerospace & Defense and Transportation industry was the lowest in providing disclosure on both biodiversity and CE. Our study contributes to both biodiversity and CE literature as well as providing some insights on the interconnection of both concepts which is crucial for the future sustainable development.

This study provides a set of tools for conceptualising, evaluating and communicating uncertainty in forensic science. Given that the concept of uncertainty is one that transcends disciplinary boundaries, an interdisciplinary configurative review was carried out incorporating the disciplines of medicine, environmental science and economics, in order to identify common themes which could have valuable applications to the discipline of forensic science. Critical Interpretive Synthesis was used to develop sub-synthetic and synthetic constructs which interpreted and synthesised the underlying evidence and codes. This study provides three toolkits, one each for conceptualisation, evaluation and communication. The study identified an underlying theme concerning the obstacles that would need to be overcome for the effective application of these toolkits and achieving effective conceptualisation, evaluation and communication of uncertainty in forensic science to lay-stakeholders. These toolkits offer a starting point for developing the conversation for achieving greater transparency in the communication of uncertainty. They also have the potential to offer stakeholders enhanced understanding of the nuances and limitations of forensic science evidence and enable more transparent evaluation and scrutiny of the reliability, relevance and probative value of forensic materials in a crime reconstruction.

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