A total number of 95 Japanese quails from hatching up to the actively laying stage were used for studying the post hatching developmental changes occurred in the pars distalis. Quail's pars distalis was found to consist of two lobes (cephalic and caudal). All the cell types in the Quail's pars distalis varied during growth sexual maturity and laying. The gonadotrops (FSH and LH) are markedly increased from 4 weeks of age up to laying. Mammotrops appear to increase from 4 weeks till the onset of laying then begin to decrease, however the somatotrops were increased from hatching up to 4 weeks of age only. The thyrotrops became more evident about sexual maturity and laying.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticipated effect of both Zamzam water and Epidermal growth factor (EGF) separately on tongue tissues and associated lingual salivary glands of diabetic albino rats,( Histological and Ultrastructure evaluation). Materials and Methods: Eighteen male albino rats were selected and divided into four groups. Group I (control group) received no drugs, while rats of group II (diabetic group) received a single dose of alloxan intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, rats of group III diabetic and received Zamzam water for 3 months and group IV diabetic and received EGF. All rats were sacrificed; tongue was dissected and processed for hematoxylin &eosin and transmission electron microscopy evalution. Results the diabetic group showed histological & ultrastructural changes in the tongue epithelium and underlying lamina propria, a condition which almost restored to normal in zamzam treated group and relatively restored in EGF group. Concolusion: Zamzam water provides safer alternative nutritional strategy in restoring the integrity of the damaged epithelium of the tongue tissues after degenerative effect of DM. EGF causes relatively improvement of the damaged epithelium especially in basal cell layer, keratin layer and blood vessels in lamina propria of tongue tissue.