The effect of different compositions of growth media on the development of microplants of the Antonina potato variety

The results of studying the effect of nutrient media of various compositions on the growth of improved micro-plants of potatoes of the Solnechny variety grown under laboratory conditions in vitro are presented. Six compositions of the nutrient medium were studied: standard Murashige-Skuga medium modified for micropropagation (considered as a control), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of mineral components (up to 1/2 and up to 1/3), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with an increased content of agar-agar (10 g/l), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of agar-agar (4 g/l), Murashige-Skuga medium modified with the addition of 3 mg/L giberrellinic acid and 1 mg/L indoliacetic acid. The following parameters of cultivated plants were taken into account: plant length, root presence, number of internodes, total plant mass, leaf mass, root mass, leaf plate surface area. The use of modified nutrient media with a reduced content of mineral components led to an increase in plant length (by 28-30%), stem mass (by 25%) due to leaf mass (by 18%) and stem mass (by 31%) and the total surface area of leaf plates (by 12%). In the variant using a medium with 1/3 mineral components an increase in the mass of the root system was observed (by 20%). When growing plants on a modified nutrient medium with a high content of agar-agar, a decrease in the length of plants (by 6%), a decrease in the mass of the scion (by 12%) due to a decrease in the mass of the stem (by 15%) was observed. Plants grown on a modified nutrient medium with a reduced content of agar-agar were distinguished by a larger mass of the root system (by 10%), scion (by 17%) (due to an increase in leaf mass (by 27%), as well as the total surface area of leaf plates (by 22%). When growth regulators (giberrellin and indoliacetic acid) were added to the modified nutrient medium, a significant increase in plant height (by 70%), a decrease in the mass of the root system (by 50%) and leaves (by 46%), and an increase in the mass of the stem (by 23%) were observed. The total leaf surface area was 28% lower than the control values. For accelerated micropropagation of improved potato plants of the Solnechny variety and preparation of plants for transplanting to aerohydroponic systems in order to produce mini-tubers, the following modified nutrient media are optimal options: with a reduced number of mineral components (1/2 and 1/3) and with a reduced content of agar-agar.

The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the growth of potato plants during in vitro cultivation and the possibility of using biological fertilizer from peat in different concentrations to improve the adaptation of plants to growing in ground for the development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety were studied. The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the height, biomass, intensity of rhizogenesis, the number of internodes of improved potato micro-plants, as well as humic fertilizer from Humostim peat on the survival rate and height of potato plants when adapting it to ground conditions is analyzed. Taking into account the data obtained, as well as the cost of the studied variants of the medium, the optimal medium for growing potato micro-plants in laboratory conditions in vitro is a nutrient medium with a content of mineral components 1/3 from the norm. The use of humic preparation from peat Humostim in a concentration of 0.001% caused an acceleration of plant growth and an increase in their height, and this concentration is recommended for use.

The influence of nutrient media of different component composition on ket potato varieties and Rogachev Memory was studied. It is shown that in the conditions of culture in vitro potato plants of the studied varieties show variety specificity when cultivated on nutrient media of different composition.

The results of the study on the production of potato minitubers by aeroponic and aero-hydroponic methods, which are non-substrate methods of growing plants, are presented. In order to develop technologies for growing virus-free potato seed material in closed systems, experiments on growing potato minitubers in multiuse aeroponic systems were conducted. Early-ripening potato varieties Rosara, Antonina and Yubilyar, mid-ripening Solnechny variety, and S-112 and Ch hybrids were used as the tested potato varieties. The plant growing cycle was divided into three phases: adaptation, growth, and tuberization. For each phase, different cultivation parameters were used. As a light source, highpressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per one plant on this type of systems was as follows: Antonina variety – 15.3 pcs., Yubilyar variety – 23 pcs., Hybrid Ch – 28.1 pcs., Hybrid S-112 – 30.2 pcs., Solnechny variety – 30.3 pcs., Rosara variety – 43.9 pcs. The effect of various light sources on the quantitative yield of potato minitubers of Nevsky and Yubilyar varieties was studied for this type of systems. Cultivation of potatoes in these systems was carried out according to the technology described, but using two different types of light sources. In the control variant, high-pressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used, in the experimental variant, LED lamps produced by CoB (full spectrum) technology with a passive cooling system were used. The use of LED lighting on Nevsky variety led to a statistically signifi cant increase in the quantitative yield of potato minitubers from one plant compared to the control, by 20.88%. The prospects of using Fagro aero-hydroponic systems for adaptation of potato microplants and for obtaining potato minitubers of Rosara and Solnechny varieties were shown. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per plant on this type of installations was 46.9 pcs. for Rosara variety, and 56.7 pcs. for Solnechny.