No abstract

The authors recommend avoiding the thin rectangular portion located in the inter-fissural area adjacent to the superior orbital fissure. A high intersubject variability underscores the need for individualized preoperative analysis by imaging studies.

The aim of the study was to investigate the locations, diameters, and connections of the periorbital arterial vessels. The peripheral and marginal arcades of the superior and inferior eyelids were revealed by bilateral meticulous anatomic dissections in 12 adult male and 5 female preserved cadavers. Silicone rubber injection was used to fill the regional arteries. The mean external diameter of the lacrimal (0.4 mm), supraorbital (1.0 mm), supratrochlear (0.9 mm), superior medial palpebral (0.9 mm), inferior medial palpebral (1.0 mm), dorsal nasal (0.8 mm), and infraorbital (2.0 mm) arteries were measured. Contribution of superficial temporal artery to palpebral arcades via frontal, zygomatico-orbital, and transverse facial branches was demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the periorbital arterial supply with contributing anastomosis from facial vasculature and impact on clinical practice.

During a dissection of both upper extremities, an abnormally high origin of the radial a. was found on each side. However, the arterial patterns were not the same. On the right side, the radial a. arose 2 cm above the junction of the two roots of the median n. On the left side, the radial a. arose from the brachial a. 3 cm distal to the origin of the profunda brachii a. The course of these arteries in the forearm were normal. However, in the hand, on the right side, the contributions of the radial and ulnar aa. to the superficial and deep palmar arches were, unusually, equal. On the left side, the superficial palmar arch was formed as usual mainly by the ulnar a. and the deep palmar arch was formed mainly by the radial a. The high origin of the radial aa. in this case is explained on the basis of the embryologic development and is distinguished from the other common arterial variations in the upper limb.

The membranous portion of the interventricular septum (MPIS) has been described as a small, oval portion of the cardiac septum that lies immediately below the aortic valve. Its location and relationship with the aortic valve are very important in surgical interventions. Several studies have been reported in adults but few in neonates. For this reason, studies of the MPIS were made in the hearts of 26 (12 male, 14 female) fulterm neonates. The left side of the MPIS was photographed with transillumination from the right ventricle. The shapes of the septum were assessed from the photographic images. In addition, in accordance with the ruler in the photographs a millimetric scale was prepared on the tracing paper and the surface area of the MPIS and its distance from the superior border of the aortic valve were measured. In these 26 cases, the following shapes of MPIS were found: semilunar, 7 (26.92%); triangular, 6 (23.07%); quadrangular, 5 (19.23%); oval, 4 (15.38%); circular, 2 (7.69%); irregular, 2 (7.69%). Its surface area varied from 2-21 mm2 (mean 5.84 mm2). The superior border of MPIS was in close relationship with the aortic valve. In 10 cases (38.46%) the MPIS was in direct continuity with the attachments of both the right and posterior aortic cusps, in 8 (30.76%) only with the posterior aortic cusp, in 5 (19.23%) only with the right aortic cusp, while in 3 (11.53%) the superior border of MPIS was below the attached portion of both cusps. The distance between the superior border of the MPIS and the attachment of the right or posterior aortic cusps did not exceed 3.5 mm. There were no statistically significant sex-related differences in shape, surface area and relationship with the aortic valve.