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Sensing and controlling of humidity is a major issue in various industries. Many of the equipments in industries require monitoring and controlling humidity for its efficient and reliable operation. This paper presents the design, fabrication and complete characterization of a micro cantilever based humidity sensor for harsh environmental conditions. A Si cantilever humidity sensor based on capacitive principle is designed and displacement analysis is performed on the sensor. The polyimide, acts as a sensing material for this sensor. The polyimide is coated over the beam to sense the humidity. If the humidity absorbed by the polyimide material increases, the mass of the beam is also increased. The deflection of the beam causes the change in capacitance. The relative humidity can be calculated using the change in capacitance. The beam had an appreciable deflection causing a notable change in capacitance. The variation of capacitance is in the order of picofarads. The sensor is designed in a structure that can tolerate the harsh environmental conditions like pressure, temperature, etc.

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Energy consumption and network connectivity are two of the important research issues that are yet to be resolved in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, only a few topology control methods (e.g. [1]) take into account the low interference as a goal of the methods. Some researchers tried to indirectly reduce the interference by reducing the transmission power or by devising low degree topologies, but none of those protocols can guarantee low interference. In this research work, we propose Network Connectivity based Topology Control (NCTC) to make the correct the balance between interference and energy in order to improve the network lifetime of networks. It consists of two phases. In first phase, the reduction of interference is achieved. In second phase, efficient topology control based on energy constraint is proposed to extend the network lifetime of networks. By using the extensive simulation results using Network Simulator (NS2), the proposed scheme NCTC achieves better network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, less overhead and end to end delay than the existing schemes.

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