Pure genistein, biochanin A, and formononetin when administered to ovariectomized ewes by intraruminal (i/r) infusion appear to have oestrogenic activities of the same order. Coumestrol given similarly has activity about 15 times as great. Genistein, biochanin A, and coumestrol appear to be considerably less active when given i/r than when injected intramuscularly (i/m), but formononetin is more active i/r than i/m. This may be related to the lower solubility of formononetin. Examination of the urinary phenols before and after treatment showed that almost all the administered isofiavone underwent metabolic degradation. Genistein and biochanin A appeared to be largely excreted as p-ethylphenol, but only about 5% of the formononetin was accounted for as detectable metabolites, of which a major one was equol.

The triterpenes of Lantana camara vary widely between taxa. In taxa toxic to livestock 22β-angeloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (lantadene A) and 22β-dimethylacryloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28- oic acid (lantadene B) are present, usually as major constituents, although 3-oxolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (betulonic acid) predominates in the taxon Helidon White. 22β-Angeloyloxy-3β-hydroxyolean- 12-en-28-oic acid, 22β -dimethylacryloyloxy-3β -hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 22β-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid, not previously known to occur in L. camara, have been isolated as well as a number of other well-known triterpenes. The non-toxic Townsville Prickly Orange contains small amounts of lantadenes A and B, and is the only taxon found to contain 228-angeloyloxy-23- hydroxy-3-oxoo1ean-12-en-28-oic acid (icterogenin). Another constituent is the new triterpene 24-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid. Common Pink, which is non-toxic and does not contain lantadenes A and B, is characterized by triterpene acids which have a C3, C25 oxide-bridge. It contains lantanolic acid, lantic acid, and a new acid, lantabetulic acid, considered to be 3,25-epoxy- 3a-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid. A mixture of the 22β-angeloyloxy and 22β-dimethylacryloyloxy derivatives of lantanolic acid from Common Pink has been converted into 22P-hydroxylantanolic acid. Wolff-Kishner reduction of 22~-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid gives a low yield of 22β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, and the major product is the C22-epimer, 22a-hydroxyolean- 12-en-28-oic acid. Corresponding products are obtained from Wolff-Kishner reduction of 22β- hydroxylantanolic acid.

No abstract

Two ovariectomized ewes were given a single intraruminal dose of [4-14C]- labelled isoflavone and slaughtered 6 hr later. In the ewe given [4-14C]biochanin A, labelled genistein was detected in addition to labelled biochanin A in the blood plasma, urine, kidney, liver, bile, contents of the rumen, and those of the small intestine. p-Ethylphenol, which is almost certainly a metabolite of biochanin A, was present in the urine but not labelled, which indicates that it originates from ring B of the isoflavone molecule. In the ewe given [4-14C]formononetin, a similar distribution of the isoflavone and its demethylation product, daidzein, was found. In addition, labelled equol was found in the blood plasma and urine. Another labelled metabolite, identified as O-desmethyl angolensin (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl p-hydroxy-�-methylbenzyl ketone), was also found in the urine. In the urine from both ewes, there were also labelled light petroleuminsoluble acidic compounds but they were not identified.

The copolymer poly(isocyanatoethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(IEM-co-MMA-co-EGDMA)) was developed as a novel, facile, highly reactive and versatile monolithic matrix, which was amenable to surface functionalization with a variety of nucleophilic modifiers based on the reactive isocyanate group, producing monoliths of various chemistries suitable for chromatography. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, porosity and morphology of the monolithic matrix were characterized using a mercury intrusion porosimeter and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal analysis results revealed that the monolith was thermally stable up to 307 °C. The success of the chemical modification of the monolithic matrix was confirmed by FT-IR, solid state (13) C NMR and XPS elemental analysis, showing the high ligand density of the modified monoliths. A ligand density of up to 2.33 mmol·mL(-1) was obtained for the 1-octanol modified monolith (M1) with an isocyanate group conversion of 96.9%, indicating a high efficiency of the modification reaction. The potential application of the monoliths was demonstrated by the separation of a series of compounds. The novel monolithic columns exhibited high mechanical stability, column efficiency and good repeatability and reproducibility.