Abstract— The Gyricon display consists of hemispherical black and white (bichromal) balls contained in individual liquid‐filled cavities and disposed to orient in an electrical field. This bistable reflective light display currently has a diffuse reflectance of more than 18% and a contrast ratio of more than 6:1. The viewing angle approaches that of paper. A new method of fabricating the bichromal balls has enabled practical realization of large‐area high‐quality displays.

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Micromagnets with collinear electric and magnetic dipole moments are embedded in a polymer to form a magnetic composite (see image). Each particle is a micromagnet that sits in a fluid‐filled cavity in which it is free to rotate. Under the application of a voltage, the multifunctional particles align with the applied electrostatic field to give rise to a net magnetization.

The concept of the blazed hologram as a special case of the Denisyuk hologram is discussed. Experimental production of blazed holograms is described. Blazed diffraction gratings, a form of blazed hologram, have been produced with 73% of the diffracted light concentrated in one first-order maximum.

Abstract— The requirements for practical electronic paper are discussed. It is shown that the Gyricon is a strong candidate for such electronic paper applications. The means for addressing Gyricon sheets using a stylus array and patterned conductive islands are discussed.