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AIM:To study ultrasonography as prime imaging modality for evaluation of focal and diffuse liver lesions and its confirmation by fine needle aspiration. METHODOLOGY: Patients presenting with liver diseases were included in the study. Ultrasonography was done as initial imaging method, and then guided Fine Needle Aspiration was done to correlate our findings. RESULTS: Ultrasonography was highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing liver abscess, malignant liver tissue & metastasis. For non-malignant liver lesions like haemangioma, cystic and hydatid lesions, fatty liver and cirrhosis showed sensitivity up to 80%, and specificity up to 90%. CONCLUSION: Above data suggests that ultrasonography has high sensitivity and specificity for overall diagnosis and it helps in guiding Fine Needle Aspiration for confirmation of diagnosis. KEYWORDS:Ultrasonography, Fine Needle Aspiration, Focal and diffuse hepatic lesions. INTRODUCTION:Liver diseases like infections, metabolic and neoplastic are of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Clinical assessment is difficult and unreliable however Ultrasonography (USG) has been an accepted method for diagnosis of focal & diffuses hepatic lesions because of its rapidity in performance & high sensitivity. 1 It is cheaper, easily available, effective, quick, painless, can be repeated, non-invasive with no radiation hazard. USG gives valuable information regarding site, size, number and nature of lesions with their relation to surrounding structures. With development of high frequency transducer, it has found important applications for imaging liver, spleen, kidneys and other abdominal organs. 2 Focal hepatic lesions are frequently missed with one modality, and then detected with another. 3 USG is used as first line imaging investigation in patients with jaundice, right upper quadrant pain and hepatomegaly 4 . It's preferred to assess patients considered for resection of primary or metastatic liver tumors. Due to its ability to image in any oblique plane it can localize lesions to an anatomic segment or sub segment of the liver. In addition, it can be used as imaging guide for FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) or therapeutic drainage of abscesses.The guided FNAC of the liver is a safe, simple, cost-effective and accurate method for cytological diagnosis of hepatic lesions like diffuse, focal, nodular and cystic lesions with good sensitivity and specificity. 5 This study has been conducted on 118 patients to diagnose hepatic lesions by USG and to assess the validity in relation to FNAC diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic floor dysfunction is one of the common conditions encountered in female patient's especially uterine descent; cystocele and rectocele are faced by elderly parous women. At present there is no fixed ultrasound criteria to evaluate the pelvic floor. About 11-15% of the general populations who attend outpatient department suffer from various degrees of these problems. Ultrasound imaging of pelvic floor will help the patient from unnecessary complications and reduce the morbidity by delineating pelvic floor anatomy with dynamic studies. OBJECTIVES: To define pelvic floor ultrasound anatomy and to define fixed criteria for diagnosis of problems by 2D ultrasound and to apply the same to qualify and quantify problems. METHODS: Prospective ultrasonographic analysis of sequentially selected 50 cases presenting with pelvic floor dysfunction, and diagnosed clinically by gynecologists were included. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION:Ultrasound is an invaluable, minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost effective procedure for assessment of pelvic floor movement of uterus, bladder and rectum with strain is best assessed on real time ultrasound. INTRODUCTION:Pelvic floor weakness and organ prolapse is relatively common condition in middle aged and elderly parous women that can have a significant impact on quality of life. 1, 2 Pelvic organ prolapse typically demonstrates multiple abnormalities and may involve uterus, the urethra, bladder, vaginal vault, rectum and small bowel. Patients may present with pain, pressure, urinary and fecal incontinence, constipation, urinary retention and defecatory dysfunction. Till date diagnosis was made primarily on the basis of findings at physical pelvic examination and history. 2 New imaging technology offers an opportunity to objectively assess the pathology and improve our follow up of patients and so obtain a better estimation of the true incidence of unsuccessful operations and postoperative complication.High resolution dynamic transperineal ultrasound provide superior depiction of the pelvic anatomy and also help in understanding pathologic and functional changes that occur in pelvic floor disorders. Ultrasound has found more widespread use which provides excellent resolution and contrast, because of cost and it also offers a degree of dynamic imaging that is not currently achievable by other modalities. B mode ultrasonography is universally available and provides for real time observation of maneuvers such as valsalva and pelvic floor muscle contraction. We have seen 50 cases and were able to delineate various abnormalities. METHODS:To start with we have to understand basics of ultrasound technique which will be possible only if we are able to simplify the anatomy. The use of transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of lower urinary tract and pelvic floor dysfunction was first documented in the early