The desalination of brackish water by solar distillation is a widely used operation in arid region, at the scale of a small village or even a family. The combinations of desalination and solar technologies become very economic process especially in arid zones in the southwest of Algeria. It is principally an economic question.The objectives of our study are testing the feasibility of solar distillation in desalinating water. The lack of drinking water and the scarcity of its natural resources caused both by the drought and the over exploitation of groundwater is becoming a major problem that threatens the lives of the inhabitants in several sub-Saharan regions.The drinking water in the south of Algeria is very concentrate on salts. The distilled water after solar distillation gives good removal yield of the global mineralization (99% of total dissolved ions).