ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablets (GBT) in patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND). Eighty patients with VCIND were randomly divided into two groups: the conventional treatment group (control group) and the combined treatment group. The conventional treatment group was provided with anti-platelet aggregation conventional treatment. In this group, 75 mg aspirin was given three times a day for 3 months, whereas the combined treatment group was given 19.2 mg GBT three times a day for 3 months along with conventional anti-platelet aggregation treatment. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography were used to observe changes in cognitive ability and cerebral blood flow in patients with VCIND before and after treatment in the two groups. After 3 months of treatment, the MoCA scores of execution, attention, abstraction, delayed memory, and orientation were significantly increased in the combined treatment group compared with those before treatment and those in the control group after treatment. In addition, the blood flow velocity of the anterior 4897 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (2): 4896-4902 (2015) Therapy for vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia cerebral artery was significantly increased in the combined treatment group. GBT can improve the therapeutic efficacy, cognitive ability, and cerebral blood flow supply of patients with VCIND.

The insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3 ) gene encodes 131 amino acids, consisting of two exons. In human beings, mutations of this gene may lead to bilateral cryptorchidism and infertility. However, the role of INSL3 in male spermatogenesis still remains controversial. We have analysed the coding sequence of INSL3 by PCR and DNA sequencing in 97 azoospermic patients with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism (patient group) versus 49 males with obstructive azoospermia (control group). The G178A mutation, which were predicted to alter the protein sequence (alanine to threonine), was detected in the patient group but not in the control group. While synonymous mutations G27A and G126A were detected in the control group, each occurred only in a single sample. When the patient group were divided into two subgroups according to the testicular biopsy result: sperm+ subgroup (51 cases with spermatozoa can be detected) or sperm- subgroup (46 cases with spermatozoa could not be detected). The INSL3 G178A polymorphism was not significantly associated with spermatozoa or no spermatozoa in the testes of males with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that mutations of INSL3 may not directly contribute to the damage of spermatogenesis in patients with bilateral cryptorchidism history.

No abstract