Context.A new challenging adaptive optics (AO) system, called multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO), has been successfully demonstrated on-sky for the first time at the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, Canary Islands, Spain, at the end of September 2010. Aims. This system, called CANARY, is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of MOAO in preparation of a future multi-object near infra-red (IR) integral field unit spectrograph to equip extremely large telescopes for analysing the morphology and dynamics of high-z galaxies.

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The high-resolution échelle spectrograph, SALT HRS, is at an advanced stage of construction and will shortly become available to the user community of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). This paper presents a commentary on the construction progress to date and gives the instrument's final specification with refined estimates for its performance based on the initial testing of the optics and the science-grade detectors. It also contributes a discussion of how the fibre input optics have been tailored to specific scientific aspirations to give four distinct operational modes. Finally, the use of the instrument is discussed in the context of the most common science cases.

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This paper provides an overview of fault injection techniques and their applicability to testing SOAP RPC based web service systems. We also give a detailed example of the WS-FIT package and use it to detect a problem in a web service based system.