Buffaloes make better use of coarse and inferior feed by converting them to biologically valuable animal production. They make very good use of the additional production of crop production, such as straw, sunflower cakes, sprouts and other. The aim is to study the physicochemical and fatty acid composition of the rations of buffalo of the Bulgarian mura breed in a church farm in Gigentsi village, Pernik District. The application of standard methods for the nutrition of buffaloes in separate periods - pastured with succulent fodder, winter (indoor) with coarse fodder, through which the ruminants are provided with the necessary nutritional components, allows to obtain high quality milk as a basic raw material for the production of dairy products. The use of succulent fodder and the incorporation of root crops into the feed instead of the buffalo concentrate provides them with respect to linoleic and alphalinolenic fatty acids, which are substrates for the synthesis of CLA (anticancer action) in rumen of ruminants.

The behaviour of two groups of two bulls, lactating cows and calves from the Hereford and Limousin breeds was studied in the artificial pasture/meadow complex "Boyadzhievo" owned by the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture on the outskirts of the town of Troyan. The complex is situated at 610 m above sea level, on a flat terrain with traditional grass. The meteorological characteristics of the late spring were studied, behavioural reactions were studied: grazing, rest, movement and acts of aggression. Natural grassland, which is also the main source of food for the animals surveyed in the pasture complex, was rich in plant species, of which the largest share belonged to the group of forbs (55%), followed by the group of cereals (38%) and leguminous (7%) grasses. Atmospheric conditions and the botanical composition of the pasture had an influence on the ethological reactions of the studied animals. It was found that Index for functional activity (IFA) grazing of Hereford bulls was 0.45455 on pastures, cows – 0.46934 at the time of the experiment and those of the Limousin breed - 0.45448, cows 0.47846. The index of functional activity rest in bulls of both breeds on averages 0.50360 and cows 0.48144.The acts of aggression for the research period were comparatively short: for Hereford bulls and cows 40 and 35 minutes respectively, and for the Limousin breed – 39 and 35 min. The most prolonged acts of aggression were those to motor vehicles, cars passing through and birds, and less pronounced were those to humans, dogs and wild game (foxes).

The effective management of bioeconomy requires a structural and dynamic analysis of the primary sector. The aim of the present study is to gauge the size of the bio-based primary sector in Bulgaria. Results indicate that in Bulgaria the capacities of the bio-based sector are not used rationally. Conclusions are intended to define national priorities and policies in the area of bioeconomy.

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