The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

An exciting and rapidly evolving area in vascular biology and atherosclerosis research over the past 3 years has been the establishment of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression in the vascular and inflammatory cells, and the emerging picture of the roles these ligand-activated nuclear receptor/transcription factors might play in vascular biology and atherosclerosis. Such work is all the more compelling given the ongoing clinical use of PPAR activators in patients. Thiazolidinediones (PPAR-g agonists) are used as insulin sensitizers in diabetic patients known to be at extraordinarily high risk for cardiovascular disease, whereas fibrates (PPAR-a agonists) are used to treat dyslipidemia, particularly in the case of high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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