The pressure waves produced by the nuclear explosion at Novaya Zemlya, the Arctic, on Oct. 30, 1961 were recorded in a number of microbarographs and barographs in Japan. Three kinds of pressure wave trains were detected, viz., the first train through the shortest distance, the second one through an antipodal course and the third one that is nothing but the return of the first train after a complete global passage.Energetically it will be the second largest explosion subsequent to the Krakatoa eruption in 1883, taking the records of pressure waves into consideration.The propagation velocities and the velocity-period relationship for the trains of the waves are examined, and the energy of the explosion is roughly estimated.

All the data of beryllium-7 in air and rain produced by the interaction of cosmic ray with atmospheric constituents are surveyed from the viewpoint of their meteorological application as a tracer material. It is found that (1) the seasonal variation in concentration of Be7 in rain is similar to that in air on the ground, (2) the similar but timely shifted seasonal variation which has a peak concentration in winter is evident in the upper atmosphere, and (3) the latitudinal distribution in Be7 deposition which has a peak accumulation in middle latitudes is discernible. Mean residence or removal times of Be7 in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are derived to be about forty days and several months respectively. These appearances are in good accordance with those found out in distribution and transfer of fission products in the atmosphere.

The daily fluctuation of the concentration of fallout particles in the ground‐level air whose diameters ranged from 1 to 30 μ was observed for a period of about 3 months following the fifth Chinese nuclear explosion of December 28, 1966. It appeared that fallout particles larger than about 10 μ in diameter fell on the ground mainly by gravitational settling shortly after the explosion, and some smaller particles circulated with the air motion around the globe more than once. It was also found that about 20 days after the explosion the fluctuation of the particle concentration was rather well related to the variation of meteorological situations; the particle concentration decreased during periods of precipitation and increased during periods of high atmospheric pressure.

A series of aircraft measurements of the three-dimensional distribution of air pollutants and meteorological elements was conducted each summer of 1980, 1981 and 1982 in the Inland Sea area of Japan in order to examine the medium-range transport processes due to local circulations.The data show that polluted air is horizontally distributed over almost all of the Sea and is confined to levels below 1000m in the early morning. The polluted air is transported to upper levels up to 3000m in the evening by upslope winds and/or the sea breeze on the Shikoku side of the Sea. Developed cumulus clouds over the mountains seem to contribute to the vertical transport of ozone and the scavenging of aerosols.The structure of the internal boundary layers formed over the complex terrain is also analyzed. The results agree quite well with a simple model simulation.

An automatic weather station to be installed on a detached island as a data collection platform of the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite system was developed, and tested during the last one year, and a successful result has been obtained.The main design philosophies of this system are a) to minimize the electric power consumption in order to operate with the smallest power source b) to make maintenance intervals more than one year c) to manufacture at low cost.