The results of research on the development of less water-intensive rice irrigation technology with periodic irrigation, allowing to reduce the cost of irrigation water in 3-5 times are presented. This irrigation technology solves a number of environmental problems associated with the formation of water deficit in the sources of irrigation, the water table rise, salinization, waterlogging, acidification and utilization of polluted waste and drainage water. During the development of water-saving technologies of rice irrigation special attention is paid to the development of high crops and systems of plant protection from weeds. The article provides recommendations for maintaining a less intensive water regime of soil with a humidity not lower than 80% HB from sowing to the end of the tillering stage in a layer of 0.4 m with a subsequent increase to 0.6 m, from wax to full ripeness of grain not lower than 70% HB. The combination of such water regime with fertilizer rate N109P62K75 provides a rice yield of 5.0 t/ha, a rate of N131P74K90 – 6.0 t/ha and a rate of N157P90K108 – 7.0 t/ha.

The analysis of the state of the potato industry in the Lower Volga region is made. The heat and moisture supply and soil conditions of the region and their compliance with the biological characteristics of potato plants are estimated. The object of research is the planting of potatoes of promising varieties under drip irrigation. The aim of the research is the formation of water regimes of the soil and production processes of various varieties of potatoes during drip irrigation in years with different weather conditions for vegetation periods. The patterns of irrigation, water consumption and productivity of summer plantings of seed potatoes are established. The most productive studied variety is Zhuravinka of the Belarusian selection, planting of which forms the tuber yield from 36.07 to 43.10 t/ha, Roko of the Dutch selection with a yield of 32.86–41.13 t/ha and Golubizna of domestic selection with that of 33.06–39.81 t/ha of tubers.

In the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, since 1862, experiments have been carried out to study the methods of planting, the geographical origin of seeds, methods of thinning for forest growth. Over 150 years, significant changes have occurred in the climatic conditions of the Forest Experimental Station. There have been changes in the species composition of the forested area of the Forest Experimental Station. At the time of the first forest inventory in 1862, there were 5.7 units for pine, 1.6 units for birch and 1.4 units for oak. In the subsequent dynamics of the species composition of forest stands, there is a decrease in the share of pine to 3.9 units and an increase in the share of birch (1.6 units), oak (2.3 units) and larch (1.8 units) by 2009.

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