The drilling sludge represents a complex environment, containing several types of pollutants that can be even used as nutrients by indigenous microorganisms, like hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, having good potentialities for the biodegradation of petroleum products. In this study, a drilling sludge was collected from drilling quagmire. Physicochemical characterization of the drilling sludge was done. Its mineralogy was obtained by diffractometry. The indigenous aerobic sludge hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were checked by counting on Bushnell-Haas medium, and their isolation and purification were performed by the selective microbial enrichment technique in a batch-enriched Bushnell-Haas culture, with crude oil as the sole carbon source. Isolates were characterized, and their power to emulsify crude oil was determined by emulsification index and oil spreading tests. Environmental conditions in the quagmire, like temperature, pH and moisture, were suitable for bacterial development. Physicochemical characteristics of the drilling sludge showed richness in chemical elements and promote microbial life. Fifteen different colonies of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated and purified; they have diversified morphological and microscopic aspects. Most isolates had a good emulsification index (between 31 and 76 %). Oil spreading test gave clear zone diameters [28 mm, with a maximum of 60 mm. The results of these investigations prove the elementary, mineralogy and microbiology richness of drilling sludge and reveal the high diversity of its indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial flora. These properties can be exploited for the own restoration of petroleum quagmires in oil fields, by means of bioremediation applications and by integrating indigenous microorganisms.