Vessel models are a first step in developing endovascular medical devices. However, these models, often made from glass or silicone, do not accurately represent the mechanical properties of human vascular tissue, limiting their use to basic training and proof-of-concept testing. This study outlines methods to quantify human vascular tissue mechanical properties and synthetic biomaterials for creating representative vessel models. Human vascular tissue was assessed and compared to silicone and new UV-cured polymers (VC-A30) using the following eight mechanical tests: compressive, shear, tensile dynamic elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, hardness, radial force, compliance, and lubricity. Half of these testing methods were nondestructive, allowing for multiple mechanical and histological characterizations of the same human tissue sample. Histological evaluation of the cellular and extracellular matrix of the human vessels verified that the dynamic moduli and Poison's ratio tests were nondestructive. Fluid absorption by VC-A30 showed statistically significant softening of mechanical properties, stabilizing after 4 days in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).Human vasculature exhibited notably similar results to VC-A30 in five of eight mechanical tests (≤30% difference) versus two of eight for standard silicone (≤38% difference). Results show that VC-A30 provides a new option for 3D-printing translucent in vitro vascular models with anatomically relevant mechanical properties. These new vessel analogs may simulate patient-specific vessel disease states, improve surgical training models, accelerate new endovascular device developments, and ultimately reduce the need for animal models.

anatomy to compare Comaneci vs balloon assisted catheterization of small feeders. Methods and Methods Patient is a 37-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of severe headache and left sided weakness. Initial CT head and MRA showed left basal ganglia hemorrhage associated with left thalamic AVM. Using a 3D model of the AVM, 30 iterations of micro-catheterization was performed with balloon (Hyperform 4x7mm), Comaneci Petit (24mm length) stent, and without any device assistance (10 each). Results During the embolization procedure, Comaneci stent provided adequate support distal to the origin of the arterial feeder to the AVM, and the microcatheter was successfully navigated into the small sharply angled feeder (figure 1A). Experimental model showed similar effectiveness of balloon and Comaneci stent with 3/10 first-attempt success rate for micro-catheterization, and 0/10 without any device (figure 1B). Patient tolerated the procedure well with no ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. Conclusion Comaneci stent showed similar efficacy compared to a balloon for distal micro catherization without distal flowarrest. Our technical report along with the 3-D model experiments provide insights into the utility of Comaneci vs balloon assisted micro-catherization of the small sharply angled feeders in AVM embolization.

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<0.001) patients experienced slightly longer length of stay compared to White patients. The odds of experiencing any complication were similar across races. Conclusion In this nationwide analysis, racial disparities were present in that Black patients were at increased odds of poor outcomes and both Black and Hispanic patients experience longer lengths of stay when compared to White patients after adjusting for several possible confounding factors. In the shared effort to provide equitable care, an important first step is analyzing and acknowledging the differences in objective outcomes as racial disparities in neurosurgery. Understanding the specific factors underlying the differences, such as possible differences in care access, is the next step to improve health equity in cerebrovascular neurosurgery.

trending up; however, without attaining statistical significance (p=0.45). Conclusion Our nationally represented sample showed no difference in outcomes in medically, and EVT treated groups among gender despite prior literature suggesting poor outcomes in the EVT group. Patient selection for EVT should be individualized based on patient presentation. Our analysis showed CVT treated with EVT hospitalization is trending up in the US.