No abstract

No abstract

In the current study, the removal of Orange 2G dye founded in aqueous solutions using titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles has been investigated. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were successfully prepared using tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) as a surfactant by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, IR and TEM spectroscopy. The experimental data is most fitting with Freundlich isotherm model indicating heterogeneity of sorbent surface. Langmuir data revealed that the maximum removal capacity of Orange 2G equals to 85.47 mg g -1 . Kinetic studies disclosed that intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate-determining step and the removal process is organized by a chemical reaction as well.

INTRODUCTIONPhysico-chemical features of fluid systems are essential for recognizing different thermodynamic behaviours. Diverse physico-chemical characteristics such as density, molar volume, viscosity, surface tension and refractive index should be considered for optimizing and designing fluids [1,2].Some published articles concerning the physico-chemical quantities of fluid show that the majority of them display nonideal behaviour or not arranged in a straight line. Accordingly, the estimations of the above quantities or their variations necessitate empirical or semi-empirical formulae able to give a consistent estimation of their specific features [3][4][5].The present research suggests an extension of Belda equation [5][6][7] giving dependable assessment of the special physicochemical or thermodynamic quantities (density, viscosity, molar volume, surface tension and refractive index, etc.) of dual combinations of fluids against of mole composition. The judgment of the investigational data of those quantities versus Belda model and our proposed extension has been carried out.Correlation equations: For most cases mixing operations in applied chemistry and in industrial engineering is difficult due to the non-straight line performance. Then, accurate statistics have to be obtainable with forms able to furnishing a consistent judgment of physical and chemical properties for different behaviours of liquid mixtures. In general, the theoretical description of concepts related to properties is therefore quite complex and exact explicit expressions are absent. This is the reason why several models have been suggested, extended and/ or modified over the years referred on some theories, or empirical and semi-empirical equations which are constantly unrelated to every kind of binary liquid mixtures. Moreover, investigations on the physico-chemical quantities of dual mixtures show that a large amount of them reveal non-ideal or non-linear behaviours. Consequently, the search of these quantities or their excess or variations necessitates mathematical expressions eligible of giving a valid approximation of their behaviours [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. An Extended Belda Equation for Physico-chemical Properties Correlation in Binary Liquid Mixtures at Different TemperaturesIn the present work, different properties (Y) were correlated with molar composition using the Belda [5] correlation equation and our proposed extension which uses a correcting factor to the linearity. The equation has been applied at least to 26 binary liquid mixtures. The validity versus the magnitude and accuracy of the adjustable parameters is compared and discussed for each property.

No abstract