Isoflavonoids (-)-medicarpin, (-)-vestitol, and formononetin and butylphenols raspberry ketone and rhododendrol were isolated for the first time from the ethylacetate extract of Hedysarum thienum roots by column chromatography. GC-MS showed that the ethylacetate extract contained fatty acids, the principal ones being palmitic, linoleic, oleic, behenic, and lignocerinic.Hedysarum theinum is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thick reddish-brown root, because of which it is popularly called red root. This is a rare high-mountain subalpine species with a dispersed Central Asia-South Siberia distribution (Altai, Mongolia, Jugarskii Alatau). It is found most frequently in regions with a humid climate in the lower part of the high-mountain belt in subalpine and alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and forest glades in cedar-broadleaf woods [1]. In habitats with optimal ecological conditions that have not been greatly affected by civilization (collection, grazing), H. theinum is the dominant and subdominant species.The decoction or tincture of red root, which has a whole range of unique biologically active properties, has been used since long ago in Altai as a systemic, tonic, and anti-inflammatory agent. Modern folk medicine considers red root to possess immunostimulant properties and to cleanse actively the vascular system, which facilitates restoration of all body functions [2].The chemical composition of the root and aerial part of H. theinum has not previously been studied in detail. The yield of extracted substances has been reported for extraction of roots by various solvents [3]. The methanol extract reacts with vanillin and HCl to give a characteristic reaction for oligomeric proanthocyanidines [4].We studied previously the composition of successive extracts (hexane, ether, ethylacetate) of H. theinum roots using GC-MS and HPLC [5]. They contained fatty acids, triterpenes, and phenols. However, compounds of the different classes were not well separated.Herein we report results from the extraction of H. theinum roots by ethylacetate and the chemical composition of the extract. The yield of extract after six-fold extraction was 1.0%. The following results were obtained after separation of the extract by column chromatography over silica gel.The nonpolar part of the ethylacetate extract (fraction 1, see Experimental) was methylated by diazomethane. The products were subsequently analyzed by GC-MS. The principal components of fraction 1 were the methyl esters of palmitic (16:0), linoleic (18:2), oleic (18:1), behenic (22:0), and lignocerinic (24:0) acids (Table 1). According to GC-MS, the ethylacetate extract contained only one triterpene, stigmast-4-en-3-one, whereas the neutral part of the hexane extract contained at least 12 compounds in addition to fatty acids, 8 of which were identified as triterpenes [5].