The bioactive compound of tomato waste from industry was microwave-assisted extracted in different conditions including microwave powers of 180, 300 and 450 W and the extraction time of 30, 60 and 90 s. After extraction, the fractionation was performed to separate the hydrophobic fraction (hexane fraction) and hydrophilic fraction (ethanolic fraction). The bioactive compound and its DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. For the hydrophobic part, the results showed that the microwave power of 300 W for 60 s gave the highest trans-lycopene and beta-carotene (5.74 mg lycopene/100 g and 4.83 mg beta-carotene/100 g) while the highest DPPH radical scavenging was the extracts at a microwave power of 180 W for 90 s. For hydrophilic parts, the best extraction condition giving the highest total phenolic compound (280.10 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (9832.52 mg CE/100 g DM) were at 180 W for 90 s and 450 W for 30 s, respectively. However, the highest antioxidant activity was the extract of 300 W for 60 s. Fuzzy assessment analysis exhibited that the best condition was microwave power of 300 W for 60 s with high antioxidant activity of both fractions.

The tomato fruits have been reported that it contained high nutrient and bioactive compounds. The various Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), including extraction temperature of 30, 50 and 70oC and extraction time of 10, 30 and 50 min, were performed in order to extract phenolic compound from tomato waste from industry. The total phenolic compound, total flavonoid content and also retained carotenoid in obtained extract were determined. Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract were studied. The results showed that the extraction temperature was a main factor which affected the amount of extracted bioactive compound. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was related to the total flavonoid and carotenoid content which can be draw the regression as follows; Y = 55.81 + 0.75X1 + 0.96X2 when radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid and carotenoid content was Y, X1 and X2, respectively. This regression analysis showed high significant (R2 = 0.74). Moreover, the UAE condition of 50oC for 50 min was a best condition which gave the highest antioxidant activity and in accordance with the high amount of total flavonoid and carotenoid content.

Malachite green is used in industries and aquaculture and disposed in the effluents. In this study, effects of malachite green on growth of Brassica chinensis and Ipomoea aquatica were studied in order to evaluate possibility of using dye-contaminated wastewater for irrigation. Seedlings of the plants were grown in growing material and watered with tap water containing malachite green at the concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2, 10, and 20 mg/L for 21 days. At harvest, number of leaf and shoot and root dry weight of all plants were measured. For both species, biomass values of treated plants were similar to the control (dry weight were 0.6-1.0 and 1.1-1.7 g/plant for B. chinensis and I. aquatica, respectively) and B. chinensis was more sensitive to contaminant compared to I. aquatica. There was no sign of MG and leucomalachite green detected in root and shoot tissues of plants treated with MG at 20 mg/L, tested by TLC. After plant harvest, toxicity of the growing material was tested on mung beans. Percent germination (83-97%), seedling fresh weight (0.3-0.5 g/plant), and shoot length (11-12.5 cm) were similar to the control indicating that contaminant in growing material did not pose detrimental effect on mung beans. Based on these results, the water contaminated with low concentration of MG may serve as fertirrigation water to compensate water shortage. 