Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are currently very important and popular species for aquaculture in Bangladesh. They are cultured commercially in high stocking densities which are accompanied by several risk factors leading to disease outbreaks. The present study was carried out to investigate diseases of these two species under farming condition with special emphasis on risk factors analysis and their health management strategies. Data were collected through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion with farmers. Altogether 50 farmers were interviewed of which 25 were tilapia farmers and 25 were pangus farmers in Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district. Possible risks were assessed using certain parameters like season of disease occurrence, presence of predators in farms, contact with livestock, maintenance of farm hygiene, sharing of farming tools, feeding of fish and pond management measures. It was found that presence of predatory birds, maintenance of good farm hygiene, sharing of tools, increased stocking densities and improper pond management were the major risks of disease outbreak. The most prevalent clinical signs of diseased fish included anal protrusion and red spot on body surface in case of pangus while pop and red eye and gas problems were common in both pangasius and tilapia. Generally, pangus were found more susceptible to disease than tilapia. Predatory birds were a big problem in the study area. They act as a potential carrier of infectious organisms among farms from farm to farm.

A B S T R A C TThe research work was conducted to isolate & characterized the bacteria isolated from mid-stream urine of human. A total of 30 samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection (n=10samples); diabetic patients (n=10samples) & apparently healthy individuals (n=10samples). Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. was the predominant bacterial flora of human urine. Among the isolates, the prevalence of Escherichia coli was highest (80%) compared to Staphylococcus spp.(14%) and Bacillus spp.(6%). E. coli isolated from 6 different sources were found to be highly virulent, moderately virulent, less virulent and avirulent categories as observed in day-old suckling mice. Antibiotic sensitivity profiles suggest that nalidixic acid will be the first drugs of choice to treat the UTI caused by E. coli and arythromycin, ampicillin and azithromycin will be the second drugs of choice to treat the UTI caused by Staphylococcus spp and Bacillus spp. respectively.

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An investigation was carried out focusing the isolation and characterization of Salmonella serovars from buffaloes of some selected areas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The objectives was to isolate and identify Salmonella serovars from diarrheic and apparently healthy buffaloes and to characterize the isolates by cultural and biochemical characteristics, serological tests and antibiotic sensitivity analysis. A total of 38 samples comprising rectal swabs and faeces were collected from 38 buffaloes originating from 3 selected areas of Mymensingh. Out of these 38 samples, 8 (20.63%) were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. All isolates fermented dextrose, maltose and mannitol with production of acid and gas but did not ferment sucrose and lactose. On the other hand, these isolates showed Indole and Voges- Proskaure test negative, Methyl-Red test positive. All these isolates subjected to rapid plate agglutination test with polyvalent “O” ( poly ‛O’) and polyvalent “H” ( poly ‛H’) antisera where positive agglutination were observed. All isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, moderately sensitive to co-trimoxazole, gentamycin, tetracycline and less sensitive to erythromycin and resistant to furazolidone