The paper is dedicated to the results of the field research conducted in Tripunithura (India / March 2013) on Muṭiyēṯṯu theatre, one of the local folklore art forms of Kerala. It is argued that the inclusion of Muṭiyēṯṯu in 2010 in the list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage / UNESCO, became a turning point in the recent history of this art form, affecting it both in positive and negative way. The positive aspect concerns primarily a fundamental shift in the level of popularity of Muṭiyēṯṯu, manifested in the appearance of a number of research projects, general publications and various databases. It also found reflection in the material status of performers now supported not only by Hindu temples but also by the Indian Government. Less often discussed are the negative consequences. Having been acknowledged as one of the cultural achievements of humankind (UNESCO), the Muṭiyēṯṯu began to change fundamentally. It transformed from a rural religious mystery performance aimed at local community of believers into an exotic theatrical art form intended for the wider international audience. As a result, performances began to be staged not only in accordance with strict religious canons developed over the centuries, but also on various occasions predetermined by commercial and public interests. This tendency poses a significant threat to the preservation of the artistic and religious authenticity of the Muṭiyēṯṯu theatre along with its cultural importance for humanity.

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