BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic illness that happens whenever blood glucose levels increase. Investigations have proven that Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment and functional limitations. The extent and severity of cognitive dysfunctions depending upon the duration of diabetes and glycemic control, but it is difficult to do a prediction on who will be at a higher risk for developing cognitive dysfunctions. Cognitive impairment can put up to functional limitations and lead to functionally dependence. Recent researches have shown that cognition and motor performance are interdependent and integration of these two functions are required for the successful performance of daily life activities. Purpose: To investigate the effects of Resistance training on Cognition in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus having mild cognitive impairments, Materials and method: Thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects between the age group of 45 -60 years were selected purposively and were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, with 15 in each group. Group A received resistance training along with conventional physiotherapy for 3 days a week for 4 months. Group B received conventional physiotherapy alone. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) was used to assess cognition. Pre score was taken before the first session and post score was taken after 4 months, using Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA). Analysis: Follow up values was taken after four months. The results from outcome measure suggest that Group A (p<0.05) has greater effects when compared to Group B. The pre and post values of MoCA was analysed using Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for within the group analysis and the between group analysis was done using Mann Whitney U Test. The corresponding p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for each outcome. RESULTS: Comparison of Group A and Group B using MoCA score at the end of study in both group was found to statistically significant (p<0.05).The Group A shows greater statistical significance when compared with Group B. CONCLUSION: The study reveals that the addition of resistance training along with conventional exercises enhances cognitive function in subjects having type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment. Key words: Resistance training/resisted exercise, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that consists of a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, involving motor symptoms such as tremor, muscular rigidity, hypokinesia and postural instability. Subjects with Parkinson’s disease frequently present impaired postural control that leads to loss of balance and impaired gait performance. Evidences showed that there is a significant correlation between trunk mobility, balance and gait in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. So more severe is the trunk mobility in the Parkinson’s disease patient, more will be the difficulties with Balance and Gait Objectives: To determine the effect of core muscle training on improving balance and gait performance in Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease Materials and method: Thirty subjects were divided into two groups with 15 in each. Group A received core muscle training, with conventional exercise while Group B received conventional physiotherapy alone. Duration of treatment was 5 days /week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were Tinetti POMA – Balance component and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) used to assess balance and gait respectively. Pre score was taken before the first session and post score was taken after 6 weeks Results: There is statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between Group A and Group B. Group A showed greater statistically significant improvement in Tinetti POMA- Balance Component and FGA when compared with Group B Conclusion: This study primarily tried to analyze the effects of core muscle training along with conventional Physiotherapy on balance and gait performance in IPD patients and this study reveals that addition of core muscle training with conventional physiotherapy enhances faster recovery in patients with IPD Key words: Core muscle training; Balance; Gait performance; Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.

Background: Stroke in middle cerebral artery (MCA), causes impairment of trunk muscles and contralateral upper limb. Impairment of upper extremity (UE) function contributes greatly to functional disability after stroke. Studies showed that trunk control is correlated to upper extremity physical performance. Strengthening trunk muscles using core stabilisation exercises may have a positive effect on improving upper limb and lower limb function. Nevertheless, there is paucity of literature proving the effect of core stabilisation exercises on upper extremity function in subjects with MCA stroke. Objectives: To find the effect of core muscle stabilization exercises on upper extremity physical performance and trunk control in subjects with MCA stroke. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into two groups with 15 in each. Group A received core muscle stabilization exercises, with conventional therapy while Group B received conventional therapy alone. Duration of treatment was 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Fugl Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) was used to assess upper extremity physical performance and Trunk impairment scale (Verheyden) [(TIS (V)] was used to assess trunk control. Measurements were taken on the first day before the treatment and last day after the treatment. Results: The statistical analysis was done using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Both the groups showed significant improvement when assessed using FMA- UE and TIS (V). Post-test mean of FMA-UE for group A was 47.20 and Group B was 39.46 whereas, TIS (V) for group A was 14.6 and Group B was 11.4. Group A showed significant changes in FMA- UE and TIS (V) when compared to Group B. Conclusion: Core muscle stabilization exercises is effective in improving upper extremity physical performance and trunk control in subjects with MCA stroke. Key words: Core stabilisation exercise; trunk control; upper extremity physical performance; MCA stroke