Background and Objectives: The group of 6-12 year-old students are the main target of oral health programs due to the high prevalence of dental caries and the formation of permanent teeth during this age and the lifestyle-shaping nature of the period. Schools provide the easiest and most effective means of accessing this group. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of school-based interventions on improved oral health in 6-12 year-old students. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review searched for its English and Persian keywords in databases such as the Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer, Biomed Central, Google Scholar, IranMedex and SID and examined studies published between January 2004 and September 2014 about educational interventions aiming to prevent oral diseases and promote associated health behaviors in students. Results: The 17 studies selected for examination were divided into two categories: first, assessing an education based on self-care behaviors and preventive services; second, assessing an education based on self-care behaviors only. Those interventions that were consistent in nature, involved the parents and the school personnel, used behavior change models, used a combination of several training methods, used practical experiences and provided preventive services were more effective in promoting knowledge and health behaviors and reducing dental caries and plaque in this group of children. Conclusion: Providing consistent community-based education, using a combination of several organized educational programs, following up on the children's progress, using behavior change theories and models and providing prevention services are the most effective measures for achieving the desired goals.

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Background: Promoting adherence to self-care behaviors is crucial in people with heart failure (HF) who also suffer from psychological problems like depression. The purpose of this study was to disclose the effect of cognitive-behavioral education, compared to conventional training, on self-care behaviors in depressed HF patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 individuals (40 in the behavioral-cognitive education group and 40 in the conventional education group) with heart failure and depression who had been admitted to the Cardiology Ward of Ali-ibn-Abitaleb and Khatam-al-Anbiya hospitals of Zahedan in 2018. Data were collected using the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and the self-care heart failure index version 6.2 (SCHFI V. 6.2) before and eight weeks after the end of educational interventions. Patients in the control group received the routine educational materials in four sessions, whereas those in the treatment group received the related educational content through cognitive-behavioral therapy technique in five sessions. Data were analyzed in SPSS V. 21 using independent and paired t-tests, chi-square, and covariance analysis. Results: Although the mean score of self-care behaviors in the cognitive-behavioral group and the conventional education group was not significantly different before the intervention, it was significantly higher in the treatment group (65.14 ± 7.01) than in the control group (36.59 ± 8.25) after the intervention. Conclusions: Given the dramatic impact of cognitive-behavioral education on the improvement of self-care behaviors, it is suggested that the principles of this therapy be integrated into common educational programs for depressed patients with heart failure.

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Introduction: In recent years, the issues of decreased sleep quality and lower mental toughness among older individuals have received significant attention. Spirituality therapy has emerged as a possible intervention to overcome these problems, with researchers showing increased interest in the topic. Therefore, this paper aims to examine how group spirituality therapy affects sleep quality and mental toughness in older individuals in the City of Khorramabad. Method: This study follows a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes all senior citizens residing in retirement homes in the City of Khorramabad in 2017. A convenience sample of 30 individuals was drawn and randomly assigned to two groups of experiment and control (15 people in either group). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1989) and the MTQ48 (2002) were administered to both groups as pre-test and post-test. The experiment group received eight hour-long group spirituality therapy training sessions. The collected data were then analyzed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA in SPSS 23.0. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed that spirituality therapy has a significant positive impact on both the quality of sleep and mental toughness among older individuals (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the fact that group spirituality therapy was found to improve sleep quality and mental toughness, this approach is recommended as an effective intervention to resolve psychological issues among the elderly, especially those pertaining to quality of sleep and mental toughness.