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Objectives - to identify the markers of liver functional maturation, the dynamics of the cyclic nucleotide in blood plasma, the indicators of cerebral hemodynamics in premature infants during the early and late neonatal periods. Material and methods. The study included 330 premature infants of 26th - 37th weeks of gestation, examined in early and late neonatal periods. There were 3 groups profiled according to the type of leading pathology - respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (group I, included 80 children), newborn jaundice and edema syndrome (group II, included 80 children), intraventricular hemorrhage Grade1 (IVH Grade1) (group III, consisted of 46 children). The groups in the study were matched by 3 comparison groups of 124 healthy preterm infants. Results. The clinical significance of the first assayed quantitative indicators of AFP, serum albumin system, cyclic nucleotides, plasma fibronectin in conditionally healthy children of different gestation periods is discussed. The scientific credence was given to pathogenetic role of deviations of these indicators in the development of RDS (the decrease in cAMP, the increase in cGMP, the decrease in ratio cAMP/cGMP); in jaundice and edema syndromes (the increased AFP, the reduction in effective serum albumin concentration (EAC) and overall serum albumin concentration (OAC)), IVH grade 1 (the reduction of plasma fibronectin, and the blood flow speed in vein of Galen according to neurosonography with with Doppler measurements (NSDG) in the first days of life).

Abstract. Proper nutrition is the key factor of growth and development of the child. Early artificial feeding and irrational introduction of complementary food is one of the problems of infants leading to development of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, impaired immunological protection and manifestation of atopic diseases. We described the effects of the main pre-biotic components of functional nutrition in children of early age. Also we demonstrated the importance of prebiotics for the formation of intestinal microflora, including the development of local mucosal homeostasis due to immunomodulatory action.

The Objective of this article is to assess the influence of the factors of pregnancy, childbirth and the early neonatal period on the development of acute kidney damage in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight. In addition, this disease significantly affects the prognosis and quality of life of the child. In addition, acute kidney damage significantly increases mortality among patients of the intensive care unit for newborns. There has been established a connection between acute hypoxia in childbirth, extremely low body weight at birth, intrauterine infection and III severity on the NTISS scale with the development of acute kidney damage in the early neonatal period. Early detection of this condition requires a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of its development and possible risk factors.

Data on the history of children’s health in the Samara region and the establishment of the Pediatric Faculty of the Samara State Medical University are presented. The initiator of the creation of the Pediatric Faculty in 1970 was prof. A.I. Miloserdova, who was in charge of the Department of Children’s diseases from 1957 to 1981. She both actively used the clinics of the regional children’s hospital as a base for the training pediatricians and made a great contribution to the development of the pediatric service of the Samara region. For many years her leadership of the Department of Children’s Diseases contributed to the formation of unforgettable principles of the activity not only of the Department but also of the regional children’s hospital: love for pediatrics, academicism, benevolence, decency, aspiration for new knowledge. A.I. Miloserdova prepared a whole galaxy of brilliant students, who both head the Departments of the Pediatric Faculty and implement new technologies for teaching, diagnosis, and treatment in all branches of the pediatric service of the city and the region.