Résumé Bute : Découvert pour la première fois à Wuhan, en Chine, en décembre 2019, le coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS-COV-2) est un nouveau virus très contagieux et mortel qui a rapidement fait des ravages dans le monde entier. Alors que la vaccination de masse est en cours dans le monde entier, les cliniciens ont commencé à rencontrer une nouvelle entité clinique, la lymphadénopathie axillaire associée au vaccin COVID-19. Cela représente un défi unique pour les imageurs médicaux, en particulier chez les patients oncologiques. Méthodologie : Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous avons évalué l'activité métabolique, la taille et la chronologie des ganglions lymphatiques axillaires hypermétaboliques associés au vaccin COVID-19 chez 202 patients oncologiques après la vaccination, à l'aide de la tomographie par émission de positrons au 18-fluorodésoxyglucose. (TEP 18-FDG). Résultats : Lorsqu'ils sont présents, les ganglions lymphatiques hypermétaboliques associés au vaccin COVID-19 présentent une valeur de captation standard maximale moyenne (SUV max) de 2,5 ± 0,3, et sont plus fréquents chez les jeunes patients. L'activité métabolique est la plus intense dans les deux premières semaines suivant la vaccination et diminue avec le temps. Au bout de 5 à 6 semaines environ, seule la moitié des patients présentait une captation appréciable et de faible intensité par rapport au bruit de fond. Conclusion : Sur la base de nos résultats préliminaires, nous recommandons une corrélation avec les antécédents et le moment de la vaccination et l'utilisation systématique d'un questionnaire préalable au patient pour guider l'interprétation afin d'éviter un surdiagnostic des métastases ganglionnaires axillaires et/ou des examens inutiles chez les patients oncologiques.
The thymus, the central immune organ in mammals, plays an important role in immune defense. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in piglets can cause thymus injury and immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms of thymus injury remain unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the specific manifestations of thymus injury through the construction of a PRRSV-infected piglet model and histopathological observation. In this study, fourteen 40-day-old PRRSV-free piglets were randomly divided into two groups, eleven of which were intramuscularly injected with 3 mL of PRRSV WUH3 virus suspension (106 PFU /mL) in the infection group, and three of which were sham-inoculated with 3 mL of RPMI-1640 medium in the control group. Clinical necropsy and samples collection were performed on day 8 after artificial infection. With the Illumina platform, the transcriptomes of piglet thymus tissues from infected and control piglets were sequenced to explore the relationships of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways with thymus injury. The immune organs of PRRSV-infected piglets were severely damaged. The histopathological findings in the thymus indicated that PRRSV infection was associated with a large decrease in lymphocytes, cell necrosis and cell apoptosis; an increase in blood vessels and macrophages; thymic corpuscle hyperplasia; and interstitial widening of the thymic lobules. The transcriptomic analysis results revealed that the Gene Ontology functions of DEGs were enriched primarily in biological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of angiogenesis and positive regulation of cell migration. Moreover, greater numbers of blood vessels and macrophages were observed in the thymus in PRRSV-infected than control piglets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The expression of TLR8, IRF5, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3L1 and CCL5; and their receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was significantly up-regulated in PRRSV infection, thus suggesting that these cytokines were associated with the pathological processes of thymus injury.
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