The point spread function (PSF) produced by a coherent optical system under the influence of defocus, coma, and primary spherical aberration (PSA) is examined in this work. This paper deals with asymmetric apodization and pupil engineering to control monochromatic aberrations. To reduce the influence of monochromatic aberrations on the diffracted PSF, this approach uses amplitude and phase apodization. Analytical investigations on intensity PSF are carried out with varying amounts of aberrations and degrees of amplitude and phase apodization. Computed central peak intensity and full width at half maxima (FWHM) and analyzed. The resolution of a diffraction-limited optical imaging system is improved by using an asymmetric optical filter that minimizes the effect of defocus.

The point spread function of the optical system in the presence of defocus and primary spherical aberration with the complex Hanning filter with amplitude and phase has been investigated. A substantial improvement in the intensity profile of the impulse response of the optical system has been achieved. When the optical system is subjected to higher orders of aberration and apodization, the optical system behaves like a super-resolver with lateral resolution of the central peak being improved radically. The presence of first minima with zero intensity suits the optical system to be applied for two-point resolution studies in terms of Rayleigh criterion.

A novel procedure for shaping the lateral and axial component of the point spread function of the optical imaging system. It is possible to develop an apodized point spread function of an optical system with Hanning, Gaussian and Co-sinusoidal amplitude filters and phase filters [2], Complex pupil filters are introduced to improve the resolving power of an optical imaging system of three zone aperture [3]. Three zone aperture shading with amplitude and phase with all possible combinations in each zone have been tested for better results The optical system achieves super-resolver state with Hanning amplitude complex pupil function in the last zone of defocusing with (-π/4) and (π/3) phase filter condition. The lateral resolution of the central maxima is enhanced and the suppression of side lobes by the highest level of amplitude and phase apodization.

In this paper we present the attempts made for the improvement of the resolution of an optical system in the presence of higher orders of defocus and primary spherical aberration function by introducing four level asymmetric filters of Triangular, Connes, Polynomial and Hanning. Four zone aperture shading amplitude in each zone have been tested for better results. Using the above four filters placing Triangular filter in the inner zone, Connes filter in the second zone, Polynomial filter in the third zone and Hanning filter in the outer zone at higher degrees of both defocusing and primary spherical aberration situation provides the optical system to achieve super-resolver state. The highest degree of the amplitude apodization improves the lateral resolution of the central maxima and suppression of side lobes which helps to study the two point resolution.

The point spread function of the optical system in the presence of defocus and primary, secondary and tertiary spherical aberration with Hanning and Connes amplitude filter is studied. A noted increase in the profile of the point spread function has been achieved. Employment of the Hanning and Connes amplitude pupil function under the higher degree of spherical aberration and defocusing effect helps the optical systems increases the resolution. The lateral resolution of the central peak is improved by the highest degree of the amplitude apodization parameter β. The presence of first minima with zero intensity necessary for Rayleigh criterion can be used to study two-point resolution.