Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is classified as one of the main classes of structural materials. Due to its high strength and light weight, it is considered for being used in a large scale of different applications. Particularly, bullet proof vests are widely used in order to protect the soldiers from being targeted in battle fields, however many modifications are being implemented to enhance the bullet resistivity of the vests for achieving more protection. This scientific paper investigates the enhanced properties of Twaron CT 736 when it is being reinforced with epoxy resin and topped with silicon carbide ceramics. The potential application for this kind of enhancement is to produce body armor plates that would resist the penetration of machine gun 7.62 * 39 mm and 7.62 * 51 mm bullets. A ballistic gun and triggering unit for the penetration test were used and the response of the prepared samples was studied. Vacuum bagging technique was adopted to prepare the samples. The final results of this research study show that, in order to stop a machine gun 7.62 * 39 mm normal bullet the plate should contain 30 layers of Twaron CT736 topped with 2 layers of ceramics, while in order to stop a machine gun 7.62 * 51 mm bullet the plate should contain 70 layers of Twaron CT 736 topped with 3 layers of ceramics.

The detection of informal built-up environments that sprawl on agricultural land is difficult to codify specially in particular with the increase in the population in the Arab Republic of Egypt. In 2017, a law was passed to remove building infractions in rural areas according to aerial photographs taken by the military and the building codes built after the 2019 Construction Violations Reconciliation Law (CVRL) were regulated, which mandates the demolition of any buildings built without a permit that are capped at 8.2 million units Since 2007. The use of remote sensing, which is a powerful technology that relies specifically on updated satellite images, is a key tool for detecting infringements built-up regions. The European Space Agency’s Sentinel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) constellation is a key component of this research because of its advantages that allow for improved spatial resolution and atmospheric independence, and it takes day and night images, making it useful for a wide range of ground cover detection applications., a technological advantage that surpasses Optical sensors for the Sentinel 2 and Landsat missions that rely on clear weather conditions. The study aims to evaluate the use of radar satellites compared to optical satellites to detect urban built-up areas and encroachments on agricultural areas. The study was conducted on an area of 64 square kilometres, in Damietta City, East Delta, Egypt. Supervised classification was also used to derive the overall accuracy of radar satellite images and compare them with optical satellite images, using Error Matrix tables on Scup + QGIS programs. The results of the study resulted in reaching a high accuracy of land cover classification from the process of combining the Sentinel-1A,1B images in Maximum likelihood (ML) algorithms compared to Sentinel-2 images, reaching up to an overall accuracy (OA) of 80%, while the classification in Random Forest (RF) algorithms reached an overall accuracy (OA) of 87%. This paper recommends using the method of merging (SAR) Sentinel 1A,1B images and applying it, as well as conducting periodic monitoring of urban expansions using remote sensing techniques, to make sustainable decisions for the future of urban expansion master plans in the region and to quickly explore informal built-up encroachments.

Introduction: Bulk-Fill flowable composites are low viscosity materials with reduced percentage of inorganic fillers, leading to more shrinkage but with minimal stress contraction, maintaining the marginal seal of the restoration.Objectives: To evaluate the polymerization shrinkage and marginal integrity of two flowable bulkfill composites cured by different light curing modes at different curing distances. Materials and methods:Two types of flowable bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoFlow, CLEARFIL AP-X Flow) were tested. For shrinkage test, 30 cylindrical specimens (5 mm diameter x 2 mm thickness) were prepared from each type of composite. For marginal integrity evaluation, 30 class II occluso-mesial cavities (3 mm width x 2.5 mm depth at the occlusal box and 3 mm width x 1.5 mm depth x 1 mm occluso-cervical height of the proximal box) were prepared and restored from each type of composite. The composites were cured using three LED light curing modes for 10 seconds (high mode at 1200 mW/cm 2 , low mode at 650 mW/cm 2 and soft-start mode at 650 up to 1200 mW/cm 2 for 5 seconds then at 1200 mW/cm 2 for 5 seconds) at two curing distances (0 mm, 3 mm).