OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in vitro, the effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to primary dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 extracted sound primary molars were included in this in-vitro study and randomly assigned into four equal groups (n=20 teeth/group) according to the evaluation test performed. For microleakage test, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of teeth in Group I (experimental)(n=20): Primary dentin pretreated with 38% SDF for three minutes and Group II (control)(n=20): Primary dentin treated with distilled water for three minutes. Class V cavities were restored with RMGIC, thermo-cycled, immersed into 1% methylene blue solution for 24h, sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and then examined under stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Also forty teeth were assigned for SBS test and randomly grouped into Group III (experimental) (n=20): Primary dentin flat surface pretreated with 38% SDF. Group IV (control) (n=20): Primary dentin flat surface pretreated with distilled water. Using a Universal Testing machine SBS were determines. Failure mode was evaluated using stereomicroscope. Data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between experimental and the control group (P=0.21). However, the experimental group had significantly higher SBS than the control group. (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Primary dentin pretreatment with 38% SDF does not influence the marginal seal of RMGIC to primary dentin. However, it raises the shear bond strength between them.

Physical characteristics of wheat grains of three varieties, Giza-168, Sakha-93 (white wheat) and Banisuife-1 (durum) at different levels of moisture contents (% w.b) were investigated. Physical characteristics included dimensions, spherisity, weight of one thousand grains, particle and bulk density, porosity, angle of repose and static coefficient of friction on four different surfaces (plywood, galvanized iron, stainless-steel and rubber-sheet) at four different levels of moisture content ranged from (9 to 18% w.b). Each of major dimensions, spherisity, weight of one thousand grains, dynamic angle of repose and static coefficient of friction appeared a linear increasing with increasing the moisture content, while both bulk and particle densities decreased linearly in the studied range. As for porosity of wheat grains of Giza-168 and Banisuife-1, it increased linearly with increasing grains moisture content while the porosity of Sakha-93 variety showed a negative relationship.

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Background: In 2020, breast cancer (BC) became the most common cancer worldwide, including Egypt. Despite the extensive research throughout the past years, a detailed analysis of the patients, including the molecular and histopathological characteristics, is needed in order to tailor effective screening and treatment strategies for a particular population of BC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the various characteristics and survival of a large cohort of BC patients in Northern Egypt. Materials and Methods: The recruited cohort in this study was composed of more than 4,000 BC patients who were managed in different centers across Northern Egypt for 10 years. Various clinical, demographic, and histopathological parameters were retrieved from the records. This included tumor size, grade, and stage, as well as the histological and molecular subtypes. Also, therapeutic modalities and responses, as well as disease-free survival (DFS, no recurrence or metastasis) and overall survival rates (OS, alive/dead), were collected. The SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Invasive ductal carcinoma was found to be the most common histological type in the recruited cohort (94%). Interestingly, the median age of the patients’ cohort was 50 years, with most of the cohort presenting before the age of 55 years. Around 50% of the patients presented with advanced stage III. Further, the classification of the BC patients according to the Nottingham grading system revealed that the majority were graded as well and moderately differentiated BC (grades 1 and 2). Moreover, 77% of the patients belonged to the hormonal subtypes with positive estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors. Intriguingly, 45.5% of BC patients were classified as luminal B subtype, 31.8% as luminal A group, 7.6% of BC patients as HER2-enriched subtype, and around 15% were triple-negative subtype. Such stratification by molecular subtyping of BC patients showed a significant difference in both the DFS and OS of the patients. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the different clinical, demographic, and histopathological characteristics of BC patients in Northern Egypt that might be different from other populations. Further studies are needed to identify early detection programs and management strategies for each population in order to improve BC patients’ clinical outcomes. No funding. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

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