Osteoarthritis (OA) knee is a long-term chronic disease characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage and underlying bone. Pain, limitation of motion and functional impairment are common clinical features. Poor hamstring flexibility is a major problem for patients with OA knee. The stretching of the hamstring is a necessary intervention in the management of the OA knee. This study is therefore intended to compare the effectiveness of static stretching vs PNF stretching for pain, hamstring flexibility and functional mobility in OA Knee patients. 30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (N=15) received PNF stretching, wax therapy and isometric quadriceps exercises, and group B (N=15) received static stretching, wax therapy and isometric quadriceps exercises. The intensity of the pain was measured using the NPRS (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), hamstring flexibility by AKET (Active Knee Extension Test) and functional mobility by TUG (Timed up and Go) test. The results showed that significant differences in NPRS (Z=4.64, P=0.001), AKET (t=9.61, P=0.001) and TUG (t=8.19, P=0.001) were observed in group A patients when compared to group B. In conclusion, the PNF stretching treatment program is effective in reducing pain, improving hamstring flexibility and functional mobility in patients with OA knee compared to static stretching.

The fluorescent acridine orange method can be used reliably for the screening of carcinomas and it is especially helpful in the follow-up detection of recurrent carcinoma in previously treated cases.

Introduction: Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is resistant to physical insults, serve as a valuable material for forensic, anthropological, odontologic and genetics. Among the four main attributes of biological identity, gender determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the dimorphic status of mesiodistal (MD) width, labiolingual (LL) width as well as cervicoincisal (CI) length of the crown in both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised a set of 100 casts (50 males and 50 females) between the age group of 20–50 years of age. Impressions were made using alginate impression and study models were prepared using dental stone. The CI length of the crown, maximum MD width and maximum LL width of both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars were evaluated using digital Vernier calipers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression method. Results: This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions. Conclusion: This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.