Renal diseases have emerged as a critical health problem that has a significant impact on human health. One of the most prevalent kidney issues is nephrotoxicity, which happens when the body is exposed to a medicine or toxin. As a result of the kidneys being damaged by major factors such as ischemia, hypoxia, antibiotics, chemotherapy, and NSAIDS, the condition known as acute renal failure can develop. Due to the high mortality rate associated with acute renal failure, it is a serious challenge for healthcare workers. A lack of oxygen and nutrients is a primary cause of nephrological disorders, which are exacerbated by oxidative stress and poor nephron circulation. Thus, the thought of antioxidants being used to prevent kidney disease is always an intriguing one that deserves extensive discussion. It has long been known that medicinal plants possess antioxidant properties, which may be helpful for the recovery of kidney problems. For a long time, many herbs and their formulations have been used in traditional medicine to treat kidney problems without having any side effects. The search for nephroprotective medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents was conducted using a wide range of electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. The primary purpose of the review article was to provide a comprehensive overview of known nephroprotective plants, as well as research-based data on mechanisms, active phytocomponents, sources, and potential applications relevant to the prevention and treatment of kidney disorders.