AIDS is one of the serious global health concerns caused by Human Immuno Deficiency(HIV) virus and is predominantly a sexually transmitted disease. Currently there is no vaccine or cure for AIDS still Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) is successful. It reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but is expensive and inaccessible in many countries. However intense the therapy may be, HIV virus is rarely eliminated, and drug resistance is a major setback during long-term therapy. The development of new drugs and strategies and exploring alternative systems of medicine for antiviral herbs or drugs is the need of the age to improve treatment outcomes. Ayurveda describes many diseases which incorporate HIV like illness e.g. Rajayakshma, Ojo Kshaya, Sannipata jwara etc. HIV infection affects multisystems, chiefly the Immune System which can be correlated to Ojo Kshaya. Rasayana Chikitsa is the frontline therapy employed to treat Ojus disorders. Therefore Shilajatu (Mineral pitch), Centella asiatica (Mandukaparni), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), well known for their Immuno-modulator and antioxidant properties were selected to evaluate their role on immune system. The study was carried on 20 patients from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa, S.S.Hospital, IMS, BHU and was randomly allocated into Treated group (Shilajatu+ART) and Control group (ART). Treated Group responded better to ART both clinically and biochemically. The results show that Shilajatu decreases the recurrent resistance of HIV virus to ART and improves the outcome of the therapy

Vitiligo is a progressive, idiopathic, pigmentation disorder of the skin, characterized by hypopigmented white lesions. PUVA therapy is the treatment of choice in the modern system of medicine. In Ayurveda, Shvitra or Kilasa is the term employed to describe hypopigmentation disorders of the skin. Shvitra is caused by various dietic and behavioral factors which aggravate the tridoshas, especially the Kapha dosha vitiating the Meda dhatu. Many Ayurvedic drugs are well known for the regeneration of melanocytes, among which Bakuchi is one. The present study was planned to study its efficacy in the regeneration of melanocytes. The outcome of treatment in 50 cases of Shvitra vis-à-vis vitiligo receiving Shvitrahara kashaya and Shvitrahara lepa was analyzed and compared. Group I (n = 25) patients were treated with Shvitrahara kashaya and Shvitrahara lepa; Group II (n = 15) patients received Shvitrahara lepa only; and the remaining 10 patients of Group III used both (Western medicine) oral psoralens and UV-A therapy. Assessment was done after 6 months with bi-monthly follow-ups. Out of 25 cases in Group I, 17 showed 80% improvement (t = 7.65; P < 0.01) in the surface area, number of lesions, pigmentation and associated symptoms like itching; out of 15 patients in Group II, 10 showed partial repigmentation, i.e. 50% (t = 5.72; P < 0.01) response was observed. In Group III, 90% response (t = 6.14; P < 0.001) in repigmentation and number of lesions as well was noted but eight patients developed adverse effects like sunburn, severe itching and gastric upset on taking oral psoralen. On the basis of results and observations, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic formulation containing Bakuchi is efficacious and has no untoward effects when compared to oral psoralens and UV-A therapy.

Abstract-The paired renal arteries arise from the aorta just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery and takes 20% of cardiac output. These are end arteries with no anastomoses. Variations in the number and arrangement of the renal vessels are extremely common. The so called aberrant or accessory arteries were in fact, normal segmental arteries. The arteries which had proximal origin at the hilum or in the pedicle were probably the result of a variation in the degeneration of the rete arteriosum while those from the aorta were persistent mesonephric arteries. The distal origin of the renal vessels could be explained by the persistence of earlier vessels which were supplying the kidneys when they were in sacral region. In the present study out of 184 kidneys 52 (28.2%) kidneys showed the presence of additional renal arteries. Out of 52 kidneys 34 kidneys had one additional artery, 18 kidneys had two additional arteries. The results are statistically significant. The presence of additional renal arteries was found unilaterally in 6 cadavers and bilaterally in 20 cadavers. In 23 kidneys additional artery towards the superior pole (Superior polar artery) was observed and in 29 kidneys inferior polar arteries were seen. With the increase in number of cases of kidney transplantation, living donar grafts have become major source for maintaining the donor pool, and the successful allograft with multiple arteries had become a necessity. Variations in the origin and course of the renal arteries occur frequently and are of special interest to the urologist with respect to the disease associated with it. Multi Detector Computer Tomography (MDCT), angiography and arteriography should be performed prior to every nephrectomy. It become's mandatory for the surgeon to understand the abnormality or variations in the renal vasculature . IntroductionThe paired renal arteries arise from the aorta just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery and takes 20% of cardiac output. These are end arteries with no anastomoses. Variations in the number and arrangement of the renal vessels are extremely common. The so called aberrant or accessory arteries were in fact, normal segmental arteries. As the invasive interventions such as renal transplantation, interventional radiologic procedures and urologic operations increase, awareness of the possible variations of the renal arteries is necessary for adequate surgical management in the aforementioned specialties.