Background: Mission Indradhanush has been launched in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate process of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study carried out at places such as urban slums with migration, nomadic sites, brick kilns, construction sites, underserved and hard to reach areas from July 2015 to July 2017. Cluster sampling method has been used, adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Thirty (30) clusters were selected using probability proportional to the population size (PPS). Each PHC/UHC was taken as one cluster.Results: All the planned session being held as per micro plan (100%). Due lists of beneficiaries were present at all sites but not updated at 6 (10%) session sites. Mobilizers were present at 58 (96.67%) session sites. ANMs were giving all 4 key messages at 86.67% of session sites. 115 (95.8%) caregivers told source of information was home visits of ASHA/AWW. 66(55.00%) mothers were aware about when to come for next visit and 70 (58.33%) aware about which vaccines were given on MI session day.Conclusions: All the session sites had micro plan and due list, which is major achievement and positive sign of successful implementation of mission Indradhanush. Availability of vaccines and other logistics were also up to the mark. Over all implementation process was satisfactory and according to operational guidelines of MI.

The strongest arguments for women's financial inclusion are economic in nature. If half a country's population is un-banked or under banked-meaning they lack access to credit, savings and other financial services-that represents a potentially huge gap in economic growth (Harsha Rodrigues). Today, women are facing discrimination in all walks of life be it social, cultural, economic and political. Although, substantial effort was putted in by government from time to time to end gender discrimination but the ground reality has not changed much even in 21st century. The truth is that achieving gender equality has become an unmet target due to deep rooted patriarchy system in our society. Hitherto, the experience of the Indian people and administrators with SHGs experience with SHGs has been positive. Most of these SHGs are emerging as a promising financial innovation with great potential to reach the poor and marginal in a cost-effective way to bring them to the main fold of the economy. There are many positive spin-offs from this SHG programmes. Percentage points, improvement of status in the family, group and in the society were 93.10, 85.04 and 62.20 respectively in YCB while these figures are 86, 75.02 and 65.43 respectively for VELUGU. The overall score for the social development between YCB and VELUGU was 66.59 and 46.91 percent. For primary data, 180 members from the VELUGU sponsored SHGs and 180 members from YCB sponsored groups are taken up for intensive study. In total, 360 women members are interviewed and data collected.

The word "slum" is often used to describe informal settlements within cities that have inadequate housing and miserable living conditions. They are often overcrowded, with many people crammed into very small living spaces. The slum population enumerated constitutes 5.4 percent of the total population of the country. As per Census of India 2011, Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cities and towns (507) reporting slum population, Andhra Pradesh has the highest proportion (36.1%) of slum population to the total population. Slums in the 189 towns of Maharashtra accounts for 2499948 slum households, which is 17.96 percent of the total slum households of the country. The Government of India started programmes towards inclusive city development with focus on slums, including the provision of basic services and affordable housing to the urban poor people.

Background: Food hygiene implies measures necessary to ensure safety of food from production to consumption. Food can become contaminated at any point during harvesting, processing, storage, distribution, transportation and preparation. Lack of proper food hygiene can lead to food borne diseases and death of the consumers. The purpose of food hygiene is to prepare and provide safe food and consequently contribute to a healthy and protective society.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 among 81 household food-handlers in a rural area of Kanchipuram district. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire based on WHO (World Health Organization) Food Safety Manual was used to collect the data regarding kitchen and food hygiene practices.Results: The study revealed that 74%of respondents handle drinking water unsatisfactorily. 89% of people don’t store cooked food in the refrigerator within 2 hours and nearly 54% of them don’t boil water before drinking. Only 48% of them separated raw food from cooked food.Conclusions: The results of the study showed that food hygiene practices should be improved in the community to safe guard them against food-borne diseases.