Introduction. Urolithiasis is a polyetiological, polypathognomonic metabolic disease characterized by the formation of kidney stones. The study of trends in the urolithiasis prevalence is of fundamental importance in practical medicine. The study of endemic territories allows us to analyze all possible risk factors for the development of urolithiasis from genetic to nutritional. The aim of our study is a comparative analysis of the urolithiasis prevalence in the Russian Federation for different periods. Materials and methods. We analyzed urolithiasis prevalence and incidence in the entire population of Russia from 2005 to 2020. The work is based on official statistics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 21 software package. Results and discussion. Urolithiasis prevalence in the Russian Federation is considered in detail from 2005 to 2020. We did a comparative analysis of the data on the general urolithiasis prevalence, the incidence of urolithiasis, urolithiasis prevalence separately in the adult and children's population of Russia in the period from 2005 to 2020 out. We gave the leading regions in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of urolithiasis cases. We spent correlation analysis of the urolithiasis incidence with the number of cases of diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and the level of meat consumption in the Russian population. Conclusion. Urolithiasis incidence and prevalence among the adult population is steadily growing in all regions of the Russian Federation, while the incidence among children remains stable. The relationship between the prevalence of urolithiasis and incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity was noted.

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Introduction. According to modern concepts one of the key links in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis is metabolic lithogenic disturbances. The study of the complex effect of many factors on the metabolism of urolithiasis patient is the basis of modern scientific research. We studied the frequency of various chemical urinary stones occurrence depending on various levels of uricuria. Materials and methods. Data from of 708 urolithiasis patients (303 men and 405 women) were analized. The results of blood and urine biochemical analysis and chemical composition of urinary stone were studied. The degree of uricuria was ranked by 10 intervals: from 0.4 to 14.8 mmol/day to assess the occurrence of different stones at various levels of uricuria. Results. The incidence of calculi consisting of uric acid also increases with increasing levels of uric acid in the urine. An increase in the level of uricuria above 3.11 mmol/day is observed to increase calcium-oxalate stones occurrence. Decrease in the prevalence of carbonatapatite and struvite stones observed at an increase of urine uric acid excretion. At high levels of uric acid excretion, we found uric acid and calcium oxalate stones most often. Conclusion. Control over the level of urinary acid excretion in urine is important in case of calcium-oxalate and uric acid urolithiasis.