РезюмеЦель исследования. Отразить достижения России и Узбекистана в изучении проблемы пециломикоза. В задачу исследований входила разработка диагностики и лечения пециломикоза легких (ПЦЛ). Материалы и методы. Обследовали 225 лиц, из них 200 больных с поражение бронхолегочной системы грибами рода Paecilomyces и 25 клинически здоровых (контроль). Использовали клинико-анамнестические, лабораторно-диагностические, микологические, иммунологические методы исследования; для дифференциальной диагностики применяли реакцию антигенсвязывания лимфоцитов. Пециломикозную инфекцию диагностировали на основании микроскопического исследования морфологии грибов в патологическом материале (кровь, мокрота) и выделения культуры грибов на питательных средах (Сабуро, Чапека). У 112 больных пециломикозом, осложненным гельминтозом, изучали тяжелое осложнение ПЦЛ -пециломикозный атипичный миокардит (ПАМ). Эти больные обследованы эхокардиографически по общепринятой методике. Результаты. Пециломикоз бронхолегочной системы, возникающий в результате первичного и вторичного инфицирования грибами рода Paecilomyces, клинически проявлялся в виде хронического обструктивного бронхита (11,5%), рецидивирующей пневмонии (13,5%), экзогенного аллергического альвеолита (37%), бронхиальной астмы (26%), осложненной гельминтозами (12%). Распространению пециломикоза способствует йодная недостаточность, а заражению пециломикозом -эхинококкоз, при этом сама капсула гельминта служит питательной средой для развития мицелиальной формы гриба. Тяжелым осложнением ПЦЛ являются ПАМ. Почти у 50% больных ПЦЛ проявлялись кардиты. При ПАМ больные временами испытывают страх и сильнейшую перемежающую боль. Сначала она возникала в грудной клетке, иррадиировала в подмышечную впадину, в левую руку до кончиков пальцев, парализуя руку. У некоторых больных боль появлялась в обеих руках с переходом в живот, сопровождаясь обмороками. Современные обезболивающие средства (мелоксикам, тизанидин, нимесулид, морфий, промедол) в сочетании с флуконазолом давали временный положительный эффект. Заключение. Для разработки схем эффективного снятия боли при ПАМ у больных ПЦЛ необходимы дальнейшие исследования, в которых должны участвовать также неврологи и анестезиологи.Ключевые слова: пециломикоз легких, лучевая диагностика, пециломикозный атипичный миокардит, пециломикоз, ослож-ненный гельминтозом, йодная недостаточность, лечение пециломикозного атипичного миокардита. Aim.To represent the advances of Russia and Uzbekistan in studying the problem of paecilomycosis. The goal of the investigation was to develop the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary paecilomycosis (PP). Subjects and methods. Two hundred and twenty-five people, including 200 patients with bronchopulmonary infection with fungi of the Paecilomyces genus and 25 clinically healthy individuals (a control group), were examined. Clinico-anamnestic, laboratory diagnostic, mycological, and immunological studies were conducted; a lymphocyte antigen-binding test was used for differential diagnosis. Paecilomyces infection was diagnosed ...
Introduction. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a medicinal plant containing a large number of biologically active substances. A number of authors propose to use walnut leaves as medicinal raw materials, in which juglone, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and other substances are identified. Currently, a standardization technique for this type of raw material has been developed and proposed. However, the medicinal plant walnut can be a source of other types of raw materials, such as milky-waxed walnuts, walnut bark, and walnut partitions. These types of medicinal raw materials contain a large number of biologically active substances and have a great potential for pharmacological activity. Therefore, the study with the subsequent standardization of medicinal plant material of walnut fruits in the stage of milk-wax ripeness and walnut bark is relevant.Aim. The aim of the study is to study the external signs, microscopy of raw walnut bark and walnut fruit in the stage of milky-wax ripeness and chemical composition of alcohol extract from these types of raw materials.Materials and methods. Chromato-mass spectrometry and TLC were used in the work.Results and discussion. When describing external signs and microscopy, diagnostic signs of both whole and crushed raw materials, and powder of walnut bark, and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax ripeness were revealed. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials walnut bark is a clear brown liquid. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials of walnut fruit at the stage of milky-wax ripeness is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant odor.Conclusion. Gallic acid was identified by TLC in walnut bark. Chromato-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from the fruit of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity was able to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. Sugars, flavonoids, coumarin phenolic compounds, organic acids were identified. In alcoholic extraction from the bark of a walnut, marker compounds have been determined, the combination of which makes it possible to quickly identify this type of raw material using chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Aim. To identify pathologic features of the colonic mucosa in patients with chronic post-parasitic colitis. Methods. Under the observation were 80 patients aged 38-42 years (38 men and 42 women) 1.5-2 years after undergoing parasitic diseases (amebiasis, giardiasis, diphyllobothriasis). In 19 patients due to the presence of dyspeptic phenomena colon mucosa was evaluated by morphometric parameters using grid of Avtandilov. The control group consisted of 6 patients with adaptive norm, in which by complex evaluation (bacteriology, parasitology, endoscopic, histologic) the pathology has not been revealed. Biopsies of colon mucosa were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with 1% aqueous solution of Alcian blue, Mayer’s hematoxylin and eosin; for morphometric analysis of 24 objective indicators - azure II-eosin by Romanovsky, with eosin methylene blue and thionine by Nicolas. Results. It was found that the mucosa in chronic post-parasitic colitis in all cases different from the normal colonic mucosa by registered parameters: the amebiasis - in 50% of cases, giardiasis - in 54.1%, with difillobotriosis - in 70.8%. In post-difillobotriosis colitis the number of fibroblasts in the lamina propria was reduced. Post-lyambliotic colitis characterized by hypertrophy of the surface epithelium and a high mitotic activity of the epithelium of intestinal glands. Conclusion. After undergoing parasitic diseases, in the colon mucosa preserved histological changes corresponding to chronic ulcerative colitis; post-amebiasis chronic colitis characterized by catarrhal-haemorrhagic inflammation, chronic post-lyambliotic - catarrhal-follicular, post-difillobotriosis - catarrhal-haemorrhagic inflammation with high activity of the pathological process and moderate atrophy of the intestinal glands.
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