According to the World Health Organization, fungal infections account for 20-70% of diseases worldwide. This high prevalence is influenced significantly by social, medical, and pharmacological factors. Treating candidiasis poses challenges due to the characteristics of the causative agent, its adaptability to environmental conditions, and resistance to commonly used drugs. The increased occurrence of fungal infections in the oral cavity can be attributed to various risk factors such as prosthetic surface adhesion, poor habits, altered oral cavity pH, saliva quantity, iatrogenic factors, and comorbidities in patients. Candidal stomatitis treatment is complicated by the Candida genus's tolerance to traditional antifungal drugs, decreased immune reactivity, and the lack of effective treatment and prevention strategies for candidiasis in patients receiving antibacterial drugs and glucocorticosteroids. It is important to recognize that candidiasis is often a symptom of underlying conditions, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach, caution, and extensive knowledge in its treatment. Dentists dealing with mycosis-related issues play a crucial role in enhancing antifungal therapy and developing evidence-based pharmacotherapy standards. Therefore, it is essential to keep healthcare professionals informed about the clinical and pharmacological characteristics of antifungal drugs in a timely manner. This study aims to analyze contemporary literature regarding the clinical and pharmacological aspects of antifungal drugs in dental practice. The analysis of existing sources highlights several widely accepted principles of pharmacotherapy for fungal lesions of the oral mucosa, including selecting antifungal drugs based on their selectivity against specific pathogens or using combination therapies. Other factors to consider are the underlying cause of the disease, patient age, comorbidities, and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of antifungal agents. Effective treatment of fungal infections requires a combination of local and systemic approaches, adhering strictly to prescribed drug dosages and treatment durations. The task for practicing clinicians facing challenges in managing oral mucosal mycoses is to enhance therapy using currently available antifungals and develop modern pharmacotherapy standards based on evidence-based medicine

The results of numerous clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that there is a close link between psycho-emotional disorders and chronic pain, which is an integral part of rheumatic pathology, including inflammatory seronegative arthritis. Medical and social significance and urgency of the problem of ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis is determined by the constant progression of the disease with further affection of vertebrae and large joints, long-term disability, morbidity at a young age. Therefore, the complex treatment of these patients should include adjuvant drugs (anxiolytics, antidepressants, vegetative correctors, muscle relaxants), which do not have a direct analgesic effect, but, in addition to reducing the severity of anxiety-depressive and psycho-vegetative disorders, they reduce the intensity of nociception. The search for improving the strategy of neurometabolic pharmacotherapy in patients with seronegative arthritis and psoriatic arthritis therefore is of great clinical and social relevance, taking into account the nature of the psychological response to the diseases. The study groups demonstrated a high frequency of inadequate socio-psychological response to the disease. In the groups of patients with seronegative arthritis, multidirectional maladaptive reactions were observed: in ankylosing spondylitis, a hypochondriac type of response dominates; in psoriatic arthritis, anxiety disorders with different response options are the most prevalent. At the end of the observation period in both groups there has been registered an improvement in almost all studied indicators of clinical and laboratory activity. The patients demonstrated a significant improvement in the psycho-emotional status that improves the quality of life of patients and contribute to the optimization of the treatment and rehabilitation measures.

У статті обговорюються та аналізуються сучасні літературні дані про частоту виникнення постінсультної пневмонії, про її негативні короткострокові й довгострокові наслідки щодо функціонального стану й життя пацієнтів. Наведений огляд основних факторів ризику постінсультної пневмонії, механізмів її негативного впливу на перебіг інсультів, процеси постінсультного відновлення. Висвітлені принципи ранньої діагностики, ефективної профілактики й адекватного лікування постінсультної пневмонії.